Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is high in rural Bangladesh. Given the complex multi-directional relationships between NCDs, COVID-19 infections and control measures, exploring pandemic impacts in this context is important. We conducted two cross-sectional surveys of adults ≥30-years...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLOS Global Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021158/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1797699983876554752 |
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| author | Carina King Sanjit Kumer Shaha Joanna Morrison Naveed Ahmed Abdul Kuddus Malini Pires Tasmin Nahar Raduan Hossin Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli A. K. Azad Khan Justine Davies Kishwar Azad Edward Fottrell |
| author_facet | Carina King Sanjit Kumer Shaha Joanna Morrison Naveed Ahmed Abdul Kuddus Malini Pires Tasmin Nahar Raduan Hossin Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli A. K. Azad Khan Justine Davies Kishwar Azad Edward Fottrell |
| author_sort | Carina King |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is high in rural Bangladesh. Given the complex multi-directional relationships between NCDs, COVID-19 infections and control measures, exploring pandemic impacts in this context is important. We conducted two cross-sectional surveys of adults ≥30-years in rural Faridpur district, Bangladesh, in February to March 2020 (survey 1, pre-COVID-19), and January to March 2021 (survey 2, post-lockdown). A new random sample of participants was taken at each survey. Anthropometric measures included: blood pressure, weight, height, hip and waist circumference and fasting and 2-hour post-glucose load blood glucose. An interviewer-administered questionnaire included: socio-demographics; lifestyle and behavioural risk factors; care seeking; self-rated health, depression and anxiety assessments. Differences in NCDs, diet and exercise were compared between surveys using chi2 tests, logistic and linear regression; sub-group analyses by gender, age and socio-economic tertiles were conducted. We recruited 950 (72.0%) participants in survey 1 and 1392 (87.9%) in survey 2. The percentage of the population with hypertension increased significantly from 34.5% (95% CI: 30.7, 38.5) to 41.5% (95% CI: 38.2, 45.0; p-value = 0.011); the increase was more pronounced in men. Across all measures of self-reported health and mental health, there was a significant improvement between survey 1 and 2. For self-rated health, we observed a 10-point increase (71.3 vs 81.2, p-value = 0.005). Depression reduced from 15.3% (95% CI: 8.4, 26.1) to 6.0% (95% CI: 2.7, 12.6; p-value = 0.044) and generalised anxiety from 17.9% (95% CI: 11.3, 27.3) to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.0, 7.6; p-value<0.001). No changes in fasting blood glucose, diabetes status, BMI or abdominal obesity were observed. Our findings suggest both positive and negative health outcomes following COVID-19 lockdown in a rural Bangladeshi setting, with a concerning increase in hypertension. These findings need to be further contextualised, with prospective assessments of indirect effects on physical and mental health and care-seeking. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:16:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16e39422de874fb4a7c41231442dccd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2767-3375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:16:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLOS Global Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-16e39422de874fb4a7c41231442dccd72023-09-03T10:35:54ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752022-01-0129Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19Carina KingSanjit Kumer ShahaJoanna MorrisonNaveed AhmedAbdul KuddusMalini PiresTasmin NaharRaduan HossinHassan Haghparast-BidgoliA. K. Azad KhanJustine DaviesKishwar AzadEdward FottrellPrevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is high in rural Bangladesh. Given the complex multi-directional relationships between NCDs, COVID-19 infections and control measures, exploring pandemic impacts in this context is important. We conducted two cross-sectional surveys of adults ≥30-years in rural Faridpur district, Bangladesh, in February to March 2020 (survey 1, pre-COVID-19), and January to March 2021 (survey 2, post-lockdown). A new random sample of participants was taken at each survey. Anthropometric measures included: blood pressure, weight, height, hip and waist circumference and fasting and 2-hour post-glucose load blood glucose. An interviewer-administered questionnaire included: socio-demographics; lifestyle and behavioural risk factors; care seeking; self-rated health, depression and anxiety assessments. Differences in NCDs, diet and exercise were compared between surveys using chi2 tests, logistic and linear regression; sub-group analyses by gender, age and socio-economic tertiles were conducted. We recruited 950 (72.0%) participants in survey 1 and 1392 (87.9%) in survey 2. The percentage of the population with hypertension increased significantly from 34.5% (95% CI: 30.7, 38.5) to 41.5% (95% CI: 38.2, 45.0; p-value = 0.011); the increase was more pronounced in men. Across all measures of self-reported health and mental health, there was a significant improvement between survey 1 and 2. For self-rated health, we observed a 10-point increase (71.3 vs 81.2, p-value = 0.005). Depression reduced from 15.3% (95% CI: 8.4, 26.1) to 6.0% (95% CI: 2.7, 12.6; p-value = 0.044) and generalised anxiety from 17.9% (95% CI: 11.3, 27.3) to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.0, 7.6; p-value<0.001). No changes in fasting blood glucose, diabetes status, BMI or abdominal obesity were observed. Our findings suggest both positive and negative health outcomes following COVID-19 lockdown in a rural Bangladeshi setting, with a concerning increase in hypertension. These findings need to be further contextualised, with prospective assessments of indirect effects on physical and mental health and care-seeking.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021158/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Carina King Sanjit Kumer Shaha Joanna Morrison Naveed Ahmed Abdul Kuddus Malini Pires Tasmin Nahar Raduan Hossin Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli A. K. Azad Khan Justine Davies Kishwar Azad Edward Fottrell Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19 PLOS Global Public Health |
| title | Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19 |
| title_full | Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19 |
| title_short | Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19 |
| title_sort | changes in non communicable diseases diet and exercise in a rural bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of covid 19 |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10021158/?tool=EBI |
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