Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay

Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius ag...

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Main Authors: Ragaa A. Hamouda, Rabab R. Makharita, Fauzia A. K. Qarabai, Fathi S. Shahabuddin, Amna A. Saddiq, Laila Ahmed Bahammam, Shaymaa W. El-Far, Mamdouh A. Bukhari, Mohammad A. Elaidarous, Asmaa Abdella
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-12-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/1
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author Ragaa A. Hamouda
Rabab R. Makharita
Fauzia A. K. Qarabai
Fathi S. Shahabuddin
Amna A. Saddiq
Laila Ahmed Bahammam
Shaymaa W. El-Far
Mamdouh A. Bukhari
Mohammad A. Elaidarous
Asmaa Abdella
author_facet Ragaa A. Hamouda
Rabab R. Makharita
Fauzia A. K. Qarabai
Fathi S. Shahabuddin
Amna A. Saddiq
Laila Ahmed Bahammam
Shaymaa W. El-Far
Mamdouh A. Bukhari
Mohammad A. Elaidarous
Asmaa Abdella
author_sort Ragaa A. Hamouda
collection DOAJ
description Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius agar and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. VITEK 2 was used for the identification of isolated bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was performed using commercial antibiotic disks. Ulva lactuca was used as a reducing agent and cellulose source to create nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. The results showed that most bacterial isolates were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. on mitis salivarius media. <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Corynebacterium</i> group f-1 were the bacterial isolates on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed resistance rates of 77%, 93%, 0, 83%, 79%, and 79% against penicillin G, Augmentin, metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Ag/cellulose nanocomposites and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with fluoride were the most effective antibacterial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with and without fluoride against bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of patients with dental caries. This study demonstrated that Ag/cellulose nanocomposites have antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause dental caries.
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spelling doaj.art-16e7daf75cbb42feb374cfa78d5f5d7a2024-01-29T14:05:21ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-12-01121110.3390/microorganisms12010001Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth DecayRagaa A. Hamouda0Rabab R. Makharita1Fauzia A. K. Qarabai2Fathi S. Shahabuddin3Amna A. Saddiq4Laila Ahmed Bahammam5Shaymaa W. El-Far6Mamdouh A. Bukhari7Mohammad A. Elaidarous8Asmaa Abdella9Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaHarad Center, Makkah Ministry of Health, Riyadh 24342, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi ArabiaRegional Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, 7780 Wali Alahed, Makkah P.O. Box 24353-4537, Saudi ArabiaRegional Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, 7780 Wali Alahed, Makkah P.O. Box 24353-4537, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, EgyptDental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius agar and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. VITEK 2 was used for the identification of isolated bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was performed using commercial antibiotic disks. Ulva lactuca was used as a reducing agent and cellulose source to create nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. The results showed that most bacterial isolates were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. on mitis salivarius media. <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Corynebacterium</i> group f-1 were the bacterial isolates on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed resistance rates of 77%, 93%, 0, 83%, 79%, and 79% against penicillin G, Augmentin, metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Ag/cellulose nanocomposites and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with fluoride were the most effective antibacterial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with and without fluoride against bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of patients with dental caries. This study demonstrated that Ag/cellulose nanocomposites have antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause dental caries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/1<i>Ulva lactuca</i>Ag/cellulose nanocompositesfluoridedental cariesisolationantimicrobial
spellingShingle Ragaa A. Hamouda
Rabab R. Makharita
Fauzia A. K. Qarabai
Fathi S. Shahabuddin
Amna A. Saddiq
Laila Ahmed Bahammam
Shaymaa W. El-Far
Mamdouh A. Bukhari
Mohammad A. Elaidarous
Asmaa Abdella
Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
Microorganisms
<i>Ulva lactuca</i>
Ag/cellulose nanocomposites
fluoride
dental caries
isolation
antimicrobial
title Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
title_full Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
title_fullStr Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
title_short Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
title_sort antibacterial activities of ag cellulose nanocomposites derived from marine environment algae against bacterial tooth decay
topic <i>Ulva lactuca</i>
Ag/cellulose nanocomposites
fluoride
dental caries
isolation
antimicrobial
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/1
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