Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay
Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius ag...
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2023-12-01
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author | Ragaa A. Hamouda Rabab R. Makharita Fauzia A. K. Qarabai Fathi S. Shahabuddin Amna A. Saddiq Laila Ahmed Bahammam Shaymaa W. El-Far Mamdouh A. Bukhari Mohammad A. Elaidarous Asmaa Abdella |
author_facet | Ragaa A. Hamouda Rabab R. Makharita Fauzia A. K. Qarabai Fathi S. Shahabuddin Amna A. Saddiq Laila Ahmed Bahammam Shaymaa W. El-Far Mamdouh A. Bukhari Mohammad A. Elaidarous Asmaa Abdella |
author_sort | Ragaa A. Hamouda |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius agar and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. VITEK 2 was used for the identification of isolated bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was performed using commercial antibiotic disks. Ulva lactuca was used as a reducing agent and cellulose source to create nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. The results showed that most bacterial isolates were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. on mitis salivarius media. <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Corynebacterium</i> group f-1 were the bacterial isolates on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed resistance rates of 77%, 93%, 0, 83%, 79%, and 79% against penicillin G, Augmentin, metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Ag/cellulose nanocomposites and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with fluoride were the most effective antibacterial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with and without fluoride against bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of patients with dental caries. This study demonstrated that Ag/cellulose nanocomposites have antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause dental caries. |
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spelling | doaj.art-16e7daf75cbb42feb374cfa78d5f5d7a2024-01-29T14:05:21ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-12-01121110.3390/microorganisms12010001Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth DecayRagaa A. Hamouda0Rabab R. Makharita1Fauzia A. K. Qarabai2Fathi S. Shahabuddin3Amna A. Saddiq4Laila Ahmed Bahammam5Shaymaa W. El-Far6Mamdouh A. Bukhari7Mohammad A. Elaidarous8Asmaa Abdella9Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaHarad Center, Makkah Ministry of Health, Riyadh 24342, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi ArabiaRegional Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, 7780 Wali Alahed, Makkah P.O. Box 24353-4537, Saudi ArabiaRegional Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, 7780 Wali Alahed, Makkah P.O. Box 24353-4537, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, EgyptDental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius agar and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. VITEK 2 was used for the identification of isolated bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was performed using commercial antibiotic disks. Ulva lactuca was used as a reducing agent and cellulose source to create nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. The results showed that most bacterial isolates were <i>Streptococcus</i> spp., followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. on mitis salivarius media. <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Corynebacterium</i> group f-1 were the bacterial isolates on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed resistance rates of 77%, 93%, 0, 83%, 79%, and 79% against penicillin G, Augmentin, metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Ag/cellulose nanocomposites and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with fluoride were the most effective antibacterial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with and without fluoride against bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of patients with dental caries. This study demonstrated that Ag/cellulose nanocomposites have antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause dental caries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/1<i>Ulva lactuca</i>Ag/cellulose nanocompositesfluoridedental cariesisolationantimicrobial |
spellingShingle | Ragaa A. Hamouda Rabab R. Makharita Fauzia A. K. Qarabai Fathi S. Shahabuddin Amna A. Saddiq Laila Ahmed Bahammam Shaymaa W. El-Far Mamdouh A. Bukhari Mohammad A. Elaidarous Asmaa Abdella Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay Microorganisms <i>Ulva lactuca</i> Ag/cellulose nanocomposites fluoride dental caries isolation antimicrobial |
title | Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay |
title_full | Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay |
title_short | Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay |
title_sort | antibacterial activities of ag cellulose nanocomposites derived from marine environment algae against bacterial tooth decay |
topic | <i>Ulva lactuca</i> Ag/cellulose nanocomposites fluoride dental caries isolation antimicrobial |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/1 |
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