Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials
To date, there is still a paucity of data from Phase III trials concerning the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Furthermore, no studies investigated the variables that may modulate the efficacy of vaccination. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether there are modifying factors that may...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/341 |
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| author | Luigino Calzetta Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo Angelo Coppola Maria Gabriella Matera Nicola Di Daniele Paola Rogliani |
| author_facet | Luigino Calzetta Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo Angelo Coppola Maria Gabriella Matera Nicola Di Daniele Paola Rogliani |
| author_sort | Luigino Calzetta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To date, there is still a paucity of data from Phase III trials concerning the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Furthermore, no studies investigated the variables that may modulate the efficacy of vaccination. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether there are modifying factors that may potentially influence the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. A quantitative synthesis of data from Phase III trials was performed via pairwise and network meta-analyses, along with meta-regression analysis. Data from Phase III trials are currently available only for AZD1222, BNT162b2, mRNA-1237, and Sputnik V. Vaccination resulted to be generally effective (90.0%, 95%CI 72.6–96.4; <i>p</i> < 0.001), although the efficacy of AZD1222 (62.1%) introduced a significant level of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (I<sup>2</sup> 92.17%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant modifying factors resulted from the meta-regression analysis. However, considering the mRNA-based vaccines, a trend toward significance (<i>p</i> = 0.081) resulted for age. The network meta-analysis provided the following rank of effectiveness: BNT162b2 ≃ mRNA-1273 > Sputnik V >> AZD1222. In conclusion, no modifying factors seem to modulate the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. This quantitative synthesis will need to be updated as soon as further clinical results on the efficacy profile are available from Phase III trials for further licensed COVID-19 vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:40:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16fb4f33ba1e44a18f3381d4e0571b49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:40:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-16fb4f33ba1e44a18f3381d4e0571b492023-11-21T13:53:10ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-04-019434110.3390/vaccines9040341Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III TrialsLuigino Calzetta0Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo1Angelo Coppola2Maria Gabriella Matera3Nicola Di Daniele4Paola Rogliani5Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, ItalyUnit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyUnit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyUnit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalyTo date, there is still a paucity of data from Phase III trials concerning the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Furthermore, no studies investigated the variables that may modulate the efficacy of vaccination. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether there are modifying factors that may potentially influence the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. A quantitative synthesis of data from Phase III trials was performed via pairwise and network meta-analyses, along with meta-regression analysis. Data from Phase III trials are currently available only for AZD1222, BNT162b2, mRNA-1237, and Sputnik V. Vaccination resulted to be generally effective (90.0%, 95%CI 72.6–96.4; <i>p</i> < 0.001), although the efficacy of AZD1222 (62.1%) introduced a significant level of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (I<sup>2</sup> 92.17%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant modifying factors resulted from the meta-regression analysis. However, considering the mRNA-based vaccines, a trend toward significance (<i>p</i> = 0.081) resulted for age. The network meta-analysis provided the following rank of effectiveness: BNT162b2 ≃ mRNA-1273 > Sputnik V >> AZD1222. In conclusion, no modifying factors seem to modulate the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. This quantitative synthesis will need to be updated as soon as further clinical results on the efficacy profile are available from Phase III trials for further licensed COVID-19 vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/341COVID-19efficacymeta-regressionmodifying factorsSARS-Cov-2vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Luigino Calzetta Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo Angelo Coppola Maria Gabriella Matera Nicola Di Daniele Paola Rogliani Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials Vaccines COVID-19 efficacy meta-regression modifying factors SARS-Cov-2 vaccine |
| title | Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials |
| title_full | Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials |
| title_fullStr | Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials |
| title_short | Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials |
| title_sort | factors influencing the efficacy of covid 19 vaccines a quantitative synthesis of phase iii trials |
| topic | COVID-19 efficacy meta-regression modifying factors SARS-Cov-2 vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/4/341 |
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