| Summary: | Unplanned pregnancies are a reproductive health problem mainly in developing countries. The use of contraceptive methods in a correct and sustained way (contraceptive behavior), is a key factor to improve the health, mainly of women and children, since they would significantly reduce maternal and infant mortality, abortions in conditions in risk and health problems in children under five years of age. There are many factors associated with risky contraceptive behavior, however much of the literature on contraception has focused on the demographic, cognitive, or behavioral characteristics of women at risk. The phenomenon of contraception is very complex, so it is necessary and important to consider aspects of the environmental and social factors that influence individual choices of contraception. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze contraception from a broader perspective that allows integrating social and cultural aspects. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors that influence contraceptive behavior from the ecological model. The ecological perspective has been useful to broaden the understanding of a series of complex social and health problems, such as contraceptive behavior, since it integrates social structures that directly or indirectly influence the use or non-use of contraceptive methods.
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