Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland
Activity concentration of <sup>210</sup>Pb in black powder and gamma radiation dose rate related to natural gas transportation were discussed. As part of the research, the content of radiolead (<sup>210</sup>Pb) in black powder, spent filter containers, radon (<sup>222&...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/6/662 |
| _version_ | 1797484180332871680 |
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| author | Jakub Nowak Paweł Jodłowski Jan Macuda Chau Nguyen Dinh |
| author_facet | Jakub Nowak Paweł Jodłowski Jan Macuda Chau Nguyen Dinh |
| author_sort | Jakub Nowak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Activity concentration of <sup>210</sup>Pb in black powder and gamma radiation dose rate related to natural gas transportation were discussed. As part of the research, the content of radiolead (<sup>210</sup>Pb) in black powder, spent filter containers, radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) activity concentration in natural gas and gamma radiation dose were measured around selected points of natural gas transportation infrastructure in Poland. The content of some heavy metals was also analyzed. The average concentrations of <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>210</sup>Pb ranged from 30 to 1400 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and from around 450 to 16,000 Bq/kg, respectively. The external exposure to gamma radiation was low; the gamma radiation dose rate was at the level of background radiation or slightly exceeded it. The research demonstrated that the content of <sup>210</sup>Pb in black powder is strongly related to radon concentration in natural gas, the volumetric flow rate of the transported natural gas and solid fraction content. Some black powder samples should be classified based on <sup>210</sup>Pb content as low-radioactive waste. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:58:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-170f613e31994637b62772671bd362b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:58:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-170f613e31994637b62772671bd362b52023-11-23T18:05:42ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-05-0112666210.3390/min12060662Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from PolandJakub Nowak0Paweł Jodłowski1Jan Macuda2Chau Nguyen Dinh3Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandActivity concentration of <sup>210</sup>Pb in black powder and gamma radiation dose rate related to natural gas transportation were discussed. As part of the research, the content of radiolead (<sup>210</sup>Pb) in black powder, spent filter containers, radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) activity concentration in natural gas and gamma radiation dose were measured around selected points of natural gas transportation infrastructure in Poland. The content of some heavy metals was also analyzed. The average concentrations of <sup>222</sup>Rn and <sup>210</sup>Pb ranged from 30 to 1400 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and from around 450 to 16,000 Bq/kg, respectively. The external exposure to gamma radiation was low; the gamma radiation dose rate was at the level of background radiation or slightly exceeded it. The research demonstrated that the content of <sup>210</sup>Pb in black powder is strongly related to radon concentration in natural gas, the volumetric flow rate of the transported natural gas and solid fraction content. Some black powder samples should be classified based on <sup>210</sup>Pb content as low-radioactive waste.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/6/662<sup>210</sup>Pb—radioleadgamma radiation dose ratenatural gasblack powder |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Nowak Paweł Jodłowski Jan Macuda Chau Nguyen Dinh Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland Minerals <sup>210</sup>Pb—radiolead gamma radiation dose rate natural gas black powder |
| title | Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland |
| title_full | Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland |
| title_fullStr | Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland |
| title_short | Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland |
| title_sort | radiological hazard related with natural radioactivity in natural gas transportation a case study from poland |
| topic | <sup>210</sup>Pb—radiolead gamma radiation dose rate natural gas black powder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/6/662 |
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