Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population
<b>Background</b>: Although the link between lead exposure and patterns of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported, its association with silent myocardial infarction (SMI) remains unexplored. We aimed to assess the association between blood lead levels (BLLs) and SMI risk. <b&g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1582 |
| _version_ | 1797240524360384512 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohamed A. Mostafa Mohammed A. Abueissa Mai Z. Soliman Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad Elsayed Z. Soliman |
| author_facet | Mohamed A. Mostafa Mohammed A. Abueissa Mai Z. Soliman Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad Elsayed Z. Soliman |
| author_sort | Mohamed A. Mostafa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Although the link between lead exposure and patterns of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported, its association with silent myocardial infarction (SMI) remains unexplored. We aimed to assess the association between blood lead levels (BLLs) and SMI risk. <b>Methods</b>: We included 7283 (mean age 56.1 ± 2.52 years, 52.5% women) participants free of CVD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BLL was measured using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. SMI was defined as ECG evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) without history of MI. The association between SMI and BLLs was examined using multivariable logistic regression. <b>Results</b>: SMI was detected in 120 participants with an unweighted prevalence of 1.65%. Higher BLL correlated with higher SMI prevalence across BLL tertiles. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants in the third BLL tertile had more than double the odds of SMI (OR: 3.42, 95%CI: 1.76–6.63) compared to the first tertile. Each 1 µg/dL increase in BLL was linked to a 9% increase in SMI risk. This association was consistent across age, sex, and race subgroups. <b>Conclusions</b>: Higher BLLs are associated with higher odds of SMI in the general population. These results underscore the significance of the ongoing efforts to mitigate lead exposure and implement screening strategies for SMI in high-risk populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:08:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17112ab3996c470892c78ca1cfc0c4a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:08:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-17112ab3996c470892c78ca1cfc0c4a12024-03-27T13:47:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832024-03-01136158210.3390/jcm13061582Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General PopulationMohamed A. Mostafa0Mohammed A. Abueissa1Mai Z. Soliman2Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad3Elsayed Z. Soliman4Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Internal Medicine, Section Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USADepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Al Manial Specialized Cairo University Hospital, Cairo 11956, EgyptWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USAEpidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Internal Medicine, Section Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA<b>Background</b>: Although the link between lead exposure and patterns of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported, its association with silent myocardial infarction (SMI) remains unexplored. We aimed to assess the association between blood lead levels (BLLs) and SMI risk. <b>Methods</b>: We included 7283 (mean age 56.1 ± 2.52 years, 52.5% women) participants free of CVD from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BLL was measured using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. SMI was defined as ECG evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) without history of MI. The association between SMI and BLLs was examined using multivariable logistic regression. <b>Results</b>: SMI was detected in 120 participants with an unweighted prevalence of 1.65%. Higher BLL correlated with higher SMI prevalence across BLL tertiles. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants in the third BLL tertile had more than double the odds of SMI (OR: 3.42, 95%CI: 1.76–6.63) compared to the first tertile. Each 1 µg/dL increase in BLL was linked to a 9% increase in SMI risk. This association was consistent across age, sex, and race subgroups. <b>Conclusions</b>: Higher BLLs are associated with higher odds of SMI in the general population. These results underscore the significance of the ongoing efforts to mitigate lead exposure and implement screening strategies for SMI in high-risk populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1582silent myocardial infarctionlead exposurecardiovascular diseaseNHANES-III |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed A. Mostafa Mohammed A. Abueissa Mai Z. Soliman Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad Elsayed Z. Soliman Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population Journal of Clinical Medicine silent myocardial infarction lead exposure cardiovascular disease NHANES-III |
| title | Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population |
| title_full | Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population |
| title_fullStr | Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population |
| title_short | Association between Blood Lead Levels and Silent Myocardial Infarction in the General Population |
| title_sort | association between blood lead levels and silent myocardial infarction in the general population |
| topic | silent myocardial infarction lead exposure cardiovascular disease NHANES-III |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1582 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedamostafa associationbetweenbloodleadlevelsandsilentmyocardialinfarctioninthegeneralpopulation AT mohammedaabueissa associationbetweenbloodleadlevelsandsilentmyocardialinfarctioninthegeneralpopulation AT maizsoliman associationbetweenbloodleadlevelsandsilentmyocardialinfarctioninthegeneralpopulation AT muhammadimtiazahmad associationbetweenbloodleadlevelsandsilentmyocardialinfarctioninthegeneralpopulation AT elsayedzsoliman associationbetweenbloodleadlevelsandsilentmyocardialinfarctioninthegeneralpopulation |