A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection
Several nutraceutical products require gastric protection against the hostile environment in the stomach. Currently marketed synthetic and semi-synthetic coatings suffer from major shortcomings such as poor gastric protection, slow-release response to pH change, and the use of artificial ingredients...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/283 |
| _version_ | 1797477227079663616 |
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| author | Rober Habashy Mouhamad Khoder Abdullah Isreb Mohamed A. Alhnan |
| author_facet | Rober Habashy Mouhamad Khoder Abdullah Isreb Mohamed A. Alhnan |
| author_sort | Rober Habashy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several nutraceutical products require gastric protection against the hostile environment in the stomach. Currently marketed synthetic and semi-synthetic coatings suffer from major shortcomings such as poor gastric protection, slow-release response to pH change, and the use of artificial ingredients. The challenge of coating natural products is further exacerbated by the relatively high gastric pH in the fed state. In this work, a novel natural enteric coating is presented as a breakthrough alternative to current solutions. Two coating systems were devised: (i) a triple-layer coating that comprises a wax layer embedded between two alginate-based coatings, and (ii) a double-layer coating, where an overcoat of organic acids (fumaric or citric acid) is applied to an alginate-based coating. The multi-layer architecture did not impact the pH-responsive nature of the coating even when more biologically relevant Krebs bicarbonate buffer of lower buffer capacity was used. Interestingly, the gastric protection barrier of organic acid-based coating remained resistant at elevated gastric pH 2, 3, or 4 for 2 h. This is the first report of using an alginate-based coating to provide gastric protection against fed-state stomach conditions (pH 2–4). Being biodegradable, naturally occurring, and with no limit on daily intake, the reported novel coating provides a superior platform to current coating solutions for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17254526c2244a648a81d58c34957692 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-17254526c2244a648a81d58c349576922023-11-23T21:36:41ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-01-0114228310.3390/pharmaceutics14020283A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric ProtectionRober Habashy0Mouhamad Khoder1Abdullah Isreb2Mohamed A. Alhnan3School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UKDrug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UKSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UKCentre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UKSeveral nutraceutical products require gastric protection against the hostile environment in the stomach. Currently marketed synthetic and semi-synthetic coatings suffer from major shortcomings such as poor gastric protection, slow-release response to pH change, and the use of artificial ingredients. The challenge of coating natural products is further exacerbated by the relatively high gastric pH in the fed state. In this work, a novel natural enteric coating is presented as a breakthrough alternative to current solutions. Two coating systems were devised: (i) a triple-layer coating that comprises a wax layer embedded between two alginate-based coatings, and (ii) a double-layer coating, where an overcoat of organic acids (fumaric or citric acid) is applied to an alginate-based coating. The multi-layer architecture did not impact the pH-responsive nature of the coating even when more biologically relevant Krebs bicarbonate buffer of lower buffer capacity was used. Interestingly, the gastric protection barrier of organic acid-based coating remained resistant at elevated gastric pH 2, 3, or 4 for 2 h. This is the first report of using an alginate-based coating to provide gastric protection against fed-state stomach conditions (pH 2–4). Being biodegradable, naturally occurring, and with no limit on daily intake, the reported novel coating provides a superior platform to current coating solutions for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/283delayed releasegastric protectionprobioticsGRAShypochlorhydria |
| spellingShingle | Rober Habashy Mouhamad Khoder Abdullah Isreb Mohamed A. Alhnan A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection Pharmaceutics delayed release gastric protection probiotics GRAS hypochlorhydria |
| title | A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection |
| title_full | A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection |
| title_short | A Novel Multilayer Natural Coating for Fed-State Gastric Protection |
| title_sort | novel multilayer natural coating for fed state gastric protection |
| topic | delayed release gastric protection probiotics GRAS hypochlorhydria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/283 |
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