Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium with exclusive molecular and biological features. It is a versatile pathogen acclaimed for its distinct urease production, swarming behavior, and rapid multicellular activity. Clinically, P. mirabilis is a frequent pathogen of the human urinary system w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383618/full |
| _version_ | 1797221677448298496 |
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| author | Mohamed Chakkour Zeinab Hammoud Solay Farhat Ali El Roz Zeinab Ezzeddine Ghassan Ghssein |
| author_facet | Mohamed Chakkour Zeinab Hammoud Solay Farhat Ali El Roz Zeinab Ezzeddine Ghassan Ghssein |
| author_sort | Mohamed Chakkour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium with exclusive molecular and biological features. It is a versatile pathogen acclaimed for its distinct urease production, swarming behavior, and rapid multicellular activity. Clinically, P. mirabilis is a frequent pathogen of the human urinary system where it causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of P. mirabilis infections, emphasizing its association with UTIs. The bacterium’s genome analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes against commonly used antibiotics, an antibiotic-resistant phenotype that poses a serious clinical challenge. Particularly, the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases resistant P. mirabilis strains. On a molecular level, P. mirabilis possesses a wide array of virulence factors including the production of fimbriae, urease, hemolysins, metallophores, and biofilm formation. This review thoroughly tackles a substantial gap in understanding the role of metallophores in shaping the virulence factors of P. mirabilis virulence. Siderophores, iron metal chelating and transporting metallophores, particularly contribute to the complex pathogenic strategies, displaying a potential target for therapeutic intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:09:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-172d008088d747d988dc88a23a3d638b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:09:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-172d008088d747d988dc88a23a3d638b2024-04-05T04:43:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2024-04-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.13836181383618Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metalsMohamed Chakkour0Zeinab Hammoud1Solay Farhat2Ali El Roz3Zeinab Ezzeddine4Ghassan Ghssein5Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesFaculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonFaculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonLaboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde, LebanonLaboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde, LebanonLaboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde, LebanonProteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium with exclusive molecular and biological features. It is a versatile pathogen acclaimed for its distinct urease production, swarming behavior, and rapid multicellular activity. Clinically, P. mirabilis is a frequent pathogen of the human urinary system where it causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of P. mirabilis infections, emphasizing its association with UTIs. The bacterium’s genome analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes against commonly used antibiotics, an antibiotic-resistant phenotype that poses a serious clinical challenge. Particularly, the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases resistant P. mirabilis strains. On a molecular level, P. mirabilis possesses a wide array of virulence factors including the production of fimbriae, urease, hemolysins, metallophores, and biofilm formation. This review thoroughly tackles a substantial gap in understanding the role of metallophores in shaping the virulence factors of P. mirabilis virulence. Siderophores, iron metal chelating and transporting metallophores, particularly contribute to the complex pathogenic strategies, displaying a potential target for therapeutic intervention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383618/fullProteus mirabilisepidemiologyvirulence factorssiderophoresbacteria |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Chakkour Zeinab Hammoud Solay Farhat Ali El Roz Zeinab Ezzeddine Ghassan Ghssein Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals Frontiers in Microbiology Proteus mirabilis epidemiology virulence factors siderophores bacteria |
| title | Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals |
| title_full | Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals |
| title_fullStr | Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals |
| title_short | Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals |
| title_sort | overview of proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence insights into the role of metals |
| topic | Proteus mirabilis epidemiology virulence factors siderophores bacteria |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383618/full |
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