Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk
Fouling is one of the major problems in electrodialysis. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of five different solution flow rates (corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 162, 242, 323, 404 and 485) combined with the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) current mode on protein foul...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/10/9/200 |
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| author | Vladlen S. Nichka Thibaud R. Geoffroy Victor Nikonenko Laurent Bazinet |
| author_facet | Vladlen S. Nichka Thibaud R. Geoffroy Victor Nikonenko Laurent Bazinet |
| author_sort | Vladlen S. Nichka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fouling is one of the major problems in electrodialysis. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of five different solution flow rates (corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 162, 242, 323, 404 and 485) combined with the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) current mode on protein fouling of bipolar membrane (BPM) during electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) of skim milk. The application of PEF prevented the fouling formation by proteins on the cationic interface of the BPM almost completely, regardless of the flow rate or Reynolds number. Indeed, under PEF mode of current the weight of protein fouling was negligible in comparison with CC current mode (0.07 ± 0.08 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> versus 5.56 ± 2.40 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>). When a continuous current (CC) mode was applied, Reynolds number equals or higher than 323 corresponded to a minimal value of protein fouling of BPM. This positive effect of both increasing the flow rate and using PEF is due to the facts that during pauses, the solution flow flushes the accumulated protein from the membrane while in the same time there is a decrease in concentration polarization (CP) and consequently decrease in H<sup>+</sup> generation at the cationic interface of the BPM, minimizing fouling formation and accumulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1734e9de6c2341a08a20eae4c1cbace7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-1734e9de6c2341a08a20eae4c1cbace72023-11-20T11:27:23ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752020-08-0110920010.3390/membranes10090200Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim MilkVladlen S. Nichka0Thibaud R. Geoffroy1Victor Nikonenko2Laurent Bazinet3Department of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaPhysical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya str., 350040 Krasnodar, RussiaDepartment of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaFouling is one of the major problems in electrodialysis. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of five different solution flow rates (corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 162, 242, 323, 404 and 485) combined with the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) current mode on protein fouling of bipolar membrane (BPM) during electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) of skim milk. The application of PEF prevented the fouling formation by proteins on the cationic interface of the BPM almost completely, regardless of the flow rate or Reynolds number. Indeed, under PEF mode of current the weight of protein fouling was negligible in comparison with CC current mode (0.07 ± 0.08 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> versus 5.56 ± 2.40 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>). When a continuous current (CC) mode was applied, Reynolds number equals or higher than 323 corresponded to a minimal value of protein fouling of BPM. This positive effect of both increasing the flow rate and using PEF is due to the facts that during pauses, the solution flow flushes the accumulated protein from the membrane while in the same time there is a decrease in concentration polarization (CP) and consequently decrease in H<sup>+</sup> generation at the cationic interface of the BPM, minimizing fouling formation and accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/10/9/200electrochemical acidificationelectrodialysiscaseinconcentration polarizationion-exchange membranefouling |
| spellingShingle | Vladlen S. Nichka Thibaud R. Geoffroy Victor Nikonenko Laurent Bazinet Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk Membranes electrochemical acidification electrodialysis casein concentration polarization ion-exchange membrane fouling |
| title | Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk |
| title_full | Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk |
| title_short | Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk |
| title_sort | impacts of flow rate and pulsed electric field current mode on protein fouling formation during bipolar membrane electroacidification of skim milk |
| topic | electrochemical acidification electrodialysis casein concentration polarization ion-exchange membrane fouling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/10/9/200 |
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