Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Currently, over two million persons are internally displaced because of the complex humanitarian emergency in Nigeria’s northeast region. Due to crowded and unsanitary living conditions, the risk of communicable disease transmission, morbidity, and mortality among this population...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Conflict and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-023-00552-7 |
| _version_ | 1797630150189252608 |
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| author | Saheed Gidado Melton Musa Ahmed Ibrahim Ba’aba Lilian Akudo Okeke Patrick M Nguku Idris Suleman Hadejia Isa Ali Hassan Ibrahim Muhammad Bande Martins Onuoha Gideon Ugbenyo Ntadom Godwin Rabi Usman Jibrin Idris Manu Abede Momoh Mohammed Muhammad Maijawa Abdullahi Mohammed Isa Bammami Pekka Nuorti Salla Atkins |
| author_facet | Saheed Gidado Melton Musa Ahmed Ibrahim Ba’aba Lilian Akudo Okeke Patrick M Nguku Idris Suleman Hadejia Isa Ali Hassan Ibrahim Muhammad Bande Martins Onuoha Gideon Ugbenyo Ntadom Godwin Rabi Usman Jibrin Idris Manu Abede Momoh Mohammed Muhammad Maijawa Abdullahi Mohammed Isa Bammami Pekka Nuorti Salla Atkins |
| author_sort | Saheed Gidado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Currently, over two million persons are internally displaced because of the complex humanitarian emergency in Nigeria’s northeast region. Due to crowded and unsanitary living conditions, the risk of communicable disease transmission, morbidity, and mortality among this population is high. This study explored patterns and factors associated with health-seeking among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northeast Nigeria to inform and strengthen disease surveillance and response activities. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted during June–October 2022, we employed stratified sampling technique to select 2,373 IDPs from 12 IDPs camps. A semi-structured tool was used to collect data on health-seeking patterns, socio-demographics, households, and IDPs camps characteristics. We classified health-seeking patterns into three outcome categories: ‘facility care’ (reference category), ‘non-facility care’ (patent medicine vendors, chemists, traditional healers, religious centers), and ‘home care/no care’. We performed complex survey data analysis and obtained weighted statistical estimates. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe respondents’ characteristics and health-seeking patterns. We fitted weighted multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to identify factors associated with health-seeking patterns. Results Of 2,373 respondents, 71.8% were 18 to 39 years old, 78.1% were females, and 81.0% had no formal education. Among the respondents, 75.7% (95% CI: 72.9–78.6) sought ‘facility care’, 11.1% (95% CI: 9.1–13.1) sought ‘non-facility care’, while 13.2% (95% CI: 10.9–15.4) practiced ‘home care/no care’. Respondents who perceived illness was severe (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.15, [95% CI: 0.08–0.30]) and resided in officially-recognized camps (AOR = 0.26, [95% CI: 0.17–0.39]) were less likely to seek ‘non-facility care’ compared to ‘facility care’. Similarly, respondents who resided in officially-recognized camps (AOR = 0.58, [95% CI: 0.36–0.92]), and received disease surveillance information (AOR = 0.42, [95% CI: 0.26–0.67) were less likely to practice ‘home care/no care’ rather than seek ‘facility care’. Conclusions This population exhibited heterogeneous patterns of health-seeking at facility and non-facility centers. Perception of illness severity and camps’ status were major factors associated with health-seeking. To enhance surveillance, non-facility care providers should be systematically integrated into the surveillance network while ramping up risk communication to shape perception of illness severity, prioritizing unofficial camps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:04:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-173810f970fb4213bf385393f0865e22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1752-1505 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:04:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Conflict and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-173810f970fb4213bf385393f0865e222023-11-12T12:19:35ZengBMCConflict and Health1752-15052023-11-0117111110.1186/s13031-023-00552-7Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional studySaheed Gidado0Melton Musa1Ahmed Ibrahim Ba’aba2Lilian Akudo Okeke3Patrick M Nguku4Idris Suleman Hadejia5Isa Ali Hassan6Ibrahim Muhammad Bande7Martins Onuoha8Gideon Ugbenyo9Ntadom Godwin10Rabi Usman11Jibrin Idris Manu12Abede Momoh Mohammed13Muhammad Maijawa Abdullahi14Mohammed Isa Bammami15Pekka Nuorti16Salla Atkins17Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere UniversityAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Borno State Field OfficeAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Yobe State Field OfficeAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Adamawa State Field OfficeAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Country OfficeDepartment of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello UniversityBorno State Ministry of HealthDepartment of Disease Control and Immunization, Yobe State Primary Health Care BoardNigerian Correctional Service, Adamawa State OfficeAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Country OfficeEpidemiology Division, Federal Ministry of HealthResolve to Save LivesAfrican Field Epidemiology Network, Country OfficeWorld Health Organization, Borno State OfficeNigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training ProgramYobe State Hospitals Management BoardHealth Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere UniversityHealth Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere UniversityAbstract Background Currently, over two million persons are internally displaced because of the complex humanitarian emergency in Nigeria’s northeast region. Due to crowded and unsanitary living conditions, the risk of communicable disease transmission, morbidity, and mortality among this population is high. This study explored patterns and factors associated with health-seeking among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northeast Nigeria to inform and strengthen disease surveillance and response activities. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted during June–October 2022, we employed stratified sampling technique to select 2,373 IDPs from 12 IDPs camps. A semi-structured tool was used to collect data on health-seeking patterns, socio-demographics, households, and IDPs camps characteristics. We classified health-seeking patterns into three outcome categories: ‘facility care’ (reference category), ‘non-facility care’ (patent medicine vendors, chemists, traditional healers, religious centers), and ‘home care/no care’. We performed complex survey data analysis and obtained weighted statistical estimates. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe respondents’ characteristics and health-seeking patterns. We fitted weighted multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to identify factors associated with health-seeking patterns. Results Of 2,373 respondents, 71.8% were 18 to 39 years old, 78.1% were females, and 81.0% had no formal education. Among the respondents, 75.7% (95% CI: 72.9–78.6) sought ‘facility care’, 11.1% (95% CI: 9.1–13.1) sought ‘non-facility care’, while 13.2% (95% CI: 10.9–15.4) practiced ‘home care/no care’. Respondents who perceived illness was severe (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.15, [95% CI: 0.08–0.30]) and resided in officially-recognized camps (AOR = 0.26, [95% CI: 0.17–0.39]) were less likely to seek ‘non-facility care’ compared to ‘facility care’. Similarly, respondents who resided in officially-recognized camps (AOR = 0.58, [95% CI: 0.36–0.92]), and received disease surveillance information (AOR = 0.42, [95% CI: 0.26–0.67) were less likely to practice ‘home care/no care’ rather than seek ‘facility care’. Conclusions This population exhibited heterogeneous patterns of health-seeking at facility and non-facility centers. Perception of illness severity and camps’ status were major factors associated with health-seeking. To enhance surveillance, non-facility care providers should be systematically integrated into the surveillance network while ramping up risk communication to shape perception of illness severity, prioritizing unofficial camps.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-023-00552-7Health-seekingInternally displaced personsComplex humanitarian emergencyNigeriaCross-sectional study |
| spellingShingle | Saheed Gidado Melton Musa Ahmed Ibrahim Ba’aba Lilian Akudo Okeke Patrick M Nguku Idris Suleman Hadejia Isa Ali Hassan Ibrahim Muhammad Bande Martins Onuoha Gideon Ugbenyo Ntadom Godwin Rabi Usman Jibrin Idris Manu Abede Momoh Mohammed Muhammad Maijawa Abdullahi Mohammed Isa Bammami Pekka Nuorti Salla Atkins Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study Conflict and Health Health-seeking Internally displaced persons Complex humanitarian emergency Nigeria Cross-sectional study |
| title | Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Factors associated with health-seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency, Northeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | factors associated with health seeking patterns among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency northeast nigeria a cross sectional study |
| topic | Health-seeking Internally displaced persons Complex humanitarian emergency Nigeria Cross-sectional study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-023-00552-7 |
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