Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising biomonitoring approach with the potential to provide direct information on human intake and exposure to food contaminants and environmental chemicals. The aim of this study was to apply WBE while employing the normalization method for exploring huma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/91 |
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| author | Zane Berzina Romans Pavlenko Martins Jansons Elena Bartkiene Romans Neilands Iveta Pugajeva Vadims Bartkevics |
| author_facet | Zane Berzina Romans Pavlenko Martins Jansons Elena Bartkiene Romans Neilands Iveta Pugajeva Vadims Bartkevics |
| author_sort | Zane Berzina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising biomonitoring approach with the potential to provide direct information on human intake and exposure to food contaminants and environmental chemicals. The aim of this study was to apply WBE while employing the normalization method for exploring human exposure to selected mycotoxins according to population biomarker 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). This type of normalization technique has been previously used to detect various other compounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study tracking human exposure to mycotoxins. A sensitive analytical methodology was developed to achieve reliable quantification of deoxynivalenol, enniatins, and beauvericin in wastewater (WW) samples. The applicability of the method was evaluated by testing 29 WW samples collected at WW treatment plants in Latvia. With frequency of detection greater than 86%, enniatins B, B1, A, and A1 were revealed in WW samples. The estimated total daily intake for enniatins was in the range of 1.8–27.6 µg/day per person. Free deoxynivalenol (DON) was determined in all analysed WW samples. Based on the average 5-HIAA excretion level and the determined 5-HIAA content in the samples, the intake of DON by the human population of Riga was estimated at 325 ng/kg b.w. day. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1744249b98354c1aa78abd2f3b796d9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-1744249b98354c1aa78abd2f3b796d9c2023-11-23T22:21:13ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-01-011429110.3390/toxins14020091Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and EnniatinsZane Berzina0Romans Pavlenko1Martins Jansons2Elena Bartkiene3Romans Neilands4Iveta Pugajeva5Vadims Bartkevics6Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Institute of Food Safety, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, LatviaAnimal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Institute of Food Safety, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, LatviaAnimal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Institute of Food Safety, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Water Engineering and Technology, Riga Technical University, Kalku 1, LV-1658 Riga, LatviaAnimal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Institute of Food Safety, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, LatviaAnimal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Institute of Food Safety, Lejupes 3, LV-1076 Riga, LatviaWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising biomonitoring approach with the potential to provide direct information on human intake and exposure to food contaminants and environmental chemicals. The aim of this study was to apply WBE while employing the normalization method for exploring human exposure to selected mycotoxins according to population biomarker 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). This type of normalization technique has been previously used to detect various other compounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study tracking human exposure to mycotoxins. A sensitive analytical methodology was developed to achieve reliable quantification of deoxynivalenol, enniatins, and beauvericin in wastewater (WW) samples. The applicability of the method was evaluated by testing 29 WW samples collected at WW treatment plants in Latvia. With frequency of detection greater than 86%, enniatins B, B1, A, and A1 were revealed in WW samples. The estimated total daily intake for enniatins was in the range of 1.8–27.6 µg/day per person. Free deoxynivalenol (DON) was determined in all analysed WW samples. Based on the average 5-HIAA excretion level and the determined 5-HIAA content in the samples, the intake of DON by the human population of Riga was estimated at 325 ng/kg b.w. day.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/91mycotoxinswastewaterrisk assessmentexposure |
| spellingShingle | Zane Berzina Romans Pavlenko Martins Jansons Elena Bartkiene Romans Neilands Iveta Pugajeva Vadims Bartkevics Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins Toxins mycotoxins wastewater risk assessment exposure |
| title | Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins |
| title_full | Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins |
| title_fullStr | Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins |
| title_short | Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins |
| title_sort | application of wastewater based epidemiology for tracking human exposure to deoxynivalenol and enniatins |
| topic | mycotoxins wastewater risk assessment exposure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/91 |
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