Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface
Die soldering of die castings is a serious problem in the aluminum casting industry. The precise mechanism, the influence of the alloy composition, and the options for prevention have not yet been fully elaborated. A well-established solution for alloys with low iron content is the addition of manga...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1580 |
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| author | Marius Kohlhepp Peter J. Uggowitzer Marc Hummel Heinz Werner Höppel |
| author_facet | Marius Kohlhepp Peter J. Uggowitzer Marc Hummel Heinz Werner Höppel |
| author_sort | Marius Kohlhepp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Die soldering of die castings is a serious problem in the aluminum casting industry. The precise mechanism, the influence of the alloy composition, and the options for prevention have not yet been fully elaborated. A well-established solution for alloys with low iron content is the addition of manganese. However, up to 0.8 wt.% is necessary, which increases the amount of brittle phases in the material and consequently reduces ductility. Immersion tests with 1.2343 tool steel and pure aluminum as well as a hypoeutectic AlSi-alloy with Mn, Mo, Co, and Cr additions were carried out to systematically investigate the formation of die soldering. Three different intermetallic layers and a scattered granular intermetallic phase formed at the interface between steel and Al-alloy after immersion into the melt for a duration of 6 min at 710 °C. The combined presence of the irregular, needle-shaped β-Al<sub>5</sub>FeSi phase and the surrounding alloy was responsible for the bond between the two components. Mn and Mo inhibited the formation of the β-phase, and instead promoted the α<sub>C</sub>-Al<sub>15</sub>(Fe,X)<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub> phase. This led to an evenly running boundary to the AlSi-alloy and thus prevented bonding. Cr has proven to be the most efficient addition against die soldering, with 0.2 wt.% being sufficient. Contrary to the other elements investigated, Cr also reduced the thickness of the intermetallic interface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:56:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-174f37c038fa49489f26e04caf66bba9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:56:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-174f37c038fa49489f26e04caf66bba92023-11-21T11:48:14ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-03-01147158010.3390/ma14071580Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic InterfaceMarius Kohlhepp0Peter J. Uggowitzer1Marc Hummel2Heinz Werner Höppel3Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute I: General Materials Properties, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyLaboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandAUDI AG, Auto-Union-Straße 1, 85057 Ingolstadt, GermanyDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Institute I: General Materials Properties, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyDie soldering of die castings is a serious problem in the aluminum casting industry. The precise mechanism, the influence of the alloy composition, and the options for prevention have not yet been fully elaborated. A well-established solution for alloys with low iron content is the addition of manganese. However, up to 0.8 wt.% is necessary, which increases the amount of brittle phases in the material and consequently reduces ductility. Immersion tests with 1.2343 tool steel and pure aluminum as well as a hypoeutectic AlSi-alloy with Mn, Mo, Co, and Cr additions were carried out to systematically investigate the formation of die soldering. Three different intermetallic layers and a scattered granular intermetallic phase formed at the interface between steel and Al-alloy after immersion into the melt for a duration of 6 min at 710 °C. The combined presence of the irregular, needle-shaped β-Al<sub>5</sub>FeSi phase and the surrounding alloy was responsible for the bond between the two components. Mn and Mo inhibited the formation of the β-phase, and instead promoted the α<sub>C</sub>-Al<sub>15</sub>(Fe,X)<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub> phase. This led to an evenly running boundary to the AlSi-alloy and thus prevented bonding. Cr has proven to be the most efficient addition against die soldering, with 0.2 wt.% being sufficient. Contrary to the other elements investigated, Cr also reduced the thickness of the intermetallic interface.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1580aluminumdie solderingintermetallic phaseshigh-pressure die castingchromiummanganese |
| spellingShingle | Marius Kohlhepp Peter J. Uggowitzer Marc Hummel Heinz Werner Höppel Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface Materials aluminum die soldering intermetallic phases high-pressure die casting chromium manganese |
| title | Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface |
| title_full | Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface |
| title_fullStr | Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface |
| title_short | Formation of Die Soldering and the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Intermetallic Interface |
| title_sort | formation of die soldering and the influence of alloying elements on the intermetallic interface |
| topic | aluminum die soldering intermetallic phases high-pressure die casting chromium manganese |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/7/1580 |
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