An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor
Lead is one of the most toxic metals for living organisms: once absorbed by soft tissues, it is capable of triggering various pathologies, subsequently bioaccumulating in the bones. In consideration of this, its detection and quantification in products for human consumption and use is of great inter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1466 |
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| author | Thalita Medeiros Barros Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo Alana Tamires Lemos de Melo Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle Marco Vocciante Sergio Ferro Elisama Vieira dos Santos |
| author_facet | Thalita Medeiros Barros Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo Alana Tamires Lemos de Melo Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle Marco Vocciante Sergio Ferro Elisama Vieira dos Santos |
| author_sort | Thalita Medeiros Barros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead is one of the most toxic metals for living organisms: once absorbed by soft tissues, it is capable of triggering various pathologies, subsequently bioaccumulating in the bones. In consideration of this, its detection and quantification in products for human consumption and use is of great interest, especially if the procedure can be carried out in an easy, reproducible and economical way. This work presents the results of the electroanalytical determination of lead in three different commercial products used as progressive hair dyes. Analyses were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) using a composite cork–graphite sensor in 0.5M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution or 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), in the presence and absence of hair dye samples. The H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution gave better results in terms of analyte sensitivity than the acetate buffer electrolyte. In both cases, well-defined signals for lead were obtained by DPSV analyses, enabling the calibration curve and figures of merit to be determined. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to be approximately 1.06 µM and 1.26 µM in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and acetate buffer, respectively. The DPSV standard addition method was successfully applied to quantify the lead in hair dye samples, yielding values below 0.45% in Pb. All three analyzed samples were shown to comply with the limit set by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, i.e., 0.6% lead in this type of product. The comparison of the electroanalytical results with those obtained by the reference method, based on the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), confirmed that the electroanalytical detection approach is potentially applicable as a strategy for quality control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:05:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17617dc926254df9aba8800326da2c71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:05:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-17617dc926254df9aba8800326da2c712023-11-23T21:59:56ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01224146610.3390/s22041466An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite SensorThalita Medeiros Barros0Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo1Alana Tamires Lemos de Melo2Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle3Marco Vocciante4Sergio Ferro5Elisama Vieira dos Santos6Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, BrazilLaboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, BrazilLaboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, BrazilLaboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, 16146 Genova, ItalyEcas4 Australia Pty Ltd., Mile End South, SA 5031, AustraliaLaboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, BrazilLead is one of the most toxic metals for living organisms: once absorbed by soft tissues, it is capable of triggering various pathologies, subsequently bioaccumulating in the bones. In consideration of this, its detection and quantification in products for human consumption and use is of great interest, especially if the procedure can be carried out in an easy, reproducible and economical way. This work presents the results of the electroanalytical determination of lead in three different commercial products used as progressive hair dyes. Analyses were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) using a composite cork–graphite sensor in 0.5M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution or 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), in the presence and absence of hair dye samples. The H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution gave better results in terms of analyte sensitivity than the acetate buffer electrolyte. In both cases, well-defined signals for lead were obtained by DPSV analyses, enabling the calibration curve and figures of merit to be determined. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to be approximately 1.06 µM and 1.26 µM in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and acetate buffer, respectively. The DPSV standard addition method was successfully applied to quantify the lead in hair dye samples, yielding values below 0.45% in Pb. All three analyzed samples were shown to comply with the limit set by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, i.e., 0.6% lead in this type of product. The comparison of the electroanalytical results with those obtained by the reference method, based on the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), confirmed that the electroanalytical detection approach is potentially applicable as a strategy for quality control.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1466corkgraphite electrodeelectroanalysisleadprogressive hair dyes |
| spellingShingle | Thalita Medeiros Barros Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo Alana Tamires Lemos de Melo Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle Marco Vocciante Sergio Ferro Elisama Vieira dos Santos An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor Sensors cork graphite electrode electroanalysis lead progressive hair dyes |
| title | An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor |
| title_full | An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor |
| title_fullStr | An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor |
| title_short | An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork–Graphite Sensor |
| title_sort | electroanalytical solution for the determination of pb sup 2 sup in progressive hair dyes using the cork graphite sensor |
| topic | cork graphite electrode electroanalysis lead progressive hair dyes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1466 |
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