Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity
The traditional concept that effector T helper (Th) responses are mediated by Th1/Th2 cell subtypes has been broadened by the recent demonstration of two new effector T helper cells, the IL-17 producing cells (Th17) and the follicular helper T cells (Tfh). These new subsets have many features in com...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2016000500302&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1828321289464446976 |
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| author | D. Mesquita Jr W.M. Cruvinel L.S. Resende F.V. Mesquita N.P. Silva N.O.S. Câmara L.E.C. Andrade |
| author_facet | D. Mesquita Jr W.M. Cruvinel L.S. Resende F.V. Mesquita N.P. Silva N.O.S. Câmara L.E.C. Andrade |
| author_sort | D. Mesquita Jr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The traditional concept that effector T helper (Th) responses are mediated by Th1/Th2 cell subtypes has been broadened by the recent demonstration of two new effector T helper cells, the IL-17 producing cells (Th17) and the follicular helper T cells (Tfh). These new subsets have many features in common, such as the ability to produce IL-21 and to express the IL-23 receptor (IL23R), the inducible co-stimulatory molecule ICOS, and the transcription factor c-Maf, all of them essential for expansion and establishment of the final pool of both subsets. Tfh cells differ from Th17 by their ability to home to B cell areas in secondary lymphoid tissue through interactions mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13. These CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells are considered an effector T cell type specialized in B cell help, with a transcriptional profile distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. The role of Tfh cells and its primary product, IL-21, on B-cell activation and differentiation is essential for humoral immunity against infectious agents. However, when deregulated, Tfh cells could represent an important mechanism contributing to exacerbated humoral response and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the importance of Tfh cells by focusing on their biology and differentiation processes in the context of normal immune response to infectious microorganisms and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:24:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-176cd01842ba4d81b98874dc32643455 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1414-431X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:24:16Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-176cd01842ba4d81b98874dc326434552022-12-22T02:35:19ZengAssociação Brasileira de Divulgação CientíficaBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research1414-431X2016-01-0149510.1590/1414-431X20165209S0100-879X2016000500302Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunityD. Mesquita JrW.M. CruvinelL.S. ResendeF.V. MesquitaN.P. SilvaN.O.S. CâmaraL.E.C. AndradeThe traditional concept that effector T helper (Th) responses are mediated by Th1/Th2 cell subtypes has been broadened by the recent demonstration of two new effector T helper cells, the IL-17 producing cells (Th17) and the follicular helper T cells (Tfh). These new subsets have many features in common, such as the ability to produce IL-21 and to express the IL-23 receptor (IL23R), the inducible co-stimulatory molecule ICOS, and the transcription factor c-Maf, all of them essential for expansion and establishment of the final pool of both subsets. Tfh cells differ from Th17 by their ability to home to B cell areas in secondary lymphoid tissue through interactions mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13. These CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells are considered an effector T cell type specialized in B cell help, with a transcriptional profile distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. The role of Tfh cells and its primary product, IL-21, on B-cell activation and differentiation is essential for humoral immunity against infectious agents. However, when deregulated, Tfh cells could represent an important mechanism contributing to exacerbated humoral response and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the importance of Tfh cells by focusing on their biology and differentiation processes in the context of normal immune response to infectious microorganisms and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2016000500302&lng=en&tlng=enAutoimmune diseasesTfhLymphoid tissueHumoral immunity |
| spellingShingle | D. Mesquita Jr W.M. Cruvinel L.S. Resende F.V. Mesquita N.P. Silva N.O.S. Câmara L.E.C. Andrade Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Autoimmune diseases Tfh Lymphoid tissue Humoral immunity |
| title | Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity |
| title_full | Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity |
| title_fullStr | Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity |
| title_short | Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity |
| title_sort | follicular helper t cell in immunity and autoimmunity |
| topic | Autoimmune diseases Tfh Lymphoid tissue Humoral immunity |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2016000500302&lng=en&tlng=en |
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