What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series
Background: The pancreatic β cell, as the sole source of the vital hormone insulin, has been under intensive study for more than a century. Given the potential of newly created insulin-producing cells as a treatment or even cure of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and possibly in severe cases of type 2 diabete...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecular Metabolism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212877821001708 |
| _version_ | 1819144318693146624 |
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| author | Klaus H. Kaestner Martha Campbell–Thompson Yuval Dor Ronald G. Gill Benjamin Glaser Seung K. Kim Maike Sander Cherie Stabler Andrew F. Stewart Alvin C. Powers |
| author_facet | Klaus H. Kaestner Martha Campbell–Thompson Yuval Dor Ronald G. Gill Benjamin Glaser Seung K. Kim Maike Sander Cherie Stabler Andrew F. Stewart Alvin C. Powers |
| author_sort | Klaus H. Kaestner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The pancreatic β cell, as the sole source of the vital hormone insulin, has been under intensive study for more than a century. Given the potential of newly created insulin-producing cells as a treatment or even cure of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and possibly in severe cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D), multiple academic and commercial laboratories are working to derive surrogate glucose-responsive, insulin-producing cells. Scope of Review: The recent development of advanced phenotyping technologies, including molecular, epigenomic, histological, or functional, have greatly improved our understanding of the critical properties of human β cells. Using this information, here we summarize the salient features of normal, fully functional adult human β cells, and propose minimal criteria for what should rightfully be termed ‘β cells’ as opposed to insulin-producing but not fully-functional surrogates that we propose should be referred to as ‘β-like’ cells or insulin-producing cells. Major Conclusions: Clear criteria can be established to differentiate fully functional, mature β cells from ‘β-like’ surrogates. In addition, we outline important knowledge gaps that must be addressed to enable a greater understanding of the β cell. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:40:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-176e01f999a345899f3c242dc7786c64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2212-8778 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:40:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-176e01f999a345899f3c242dc7786c642022-12-21T18:25:28ZengElsevierMolecular Metabolism2212-87782021-11-0153101323What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review seriesKlaus H. Kaestner0Martha Campbell–Thompson1Yuval Dor2Ronald G. Gill3Benjamin Glaser4Seung K. Kim5Maike Sander6Cherie Stabler7Andrew F. Stewart8Alvin C. Powers9Insitute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USAThe Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, IsraelDepartments of Surgery and Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USAHadassah Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, IsraelDepartments of Developmental Biology and of Medicine (Endocrinology Division), and Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and UF Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USADiabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USADivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Corresponding author.Background: The pancreatic β cell, as the sole source of the vital hormone insulin, has been under intensive study for more than a century. Given the potential of newly created insulin-producing cells as a treatment or even cure of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and possibly in severe cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D), multiple academic and commercial laboratories are working to derive surrogate glucose-responsive, insulin-producing cells. Scope of Review: The recent development of advanced phenotyping technologies, including molecular, epigenomic, histological, or functional, have greatly improved our understanding of the critical properties of human β cells. Using this information, here we summarize the salient features of normal, fully functional adult human β cells, and propose minimal criteria for what should rightfully be termed ‘β cells’ as opposed to insulin-producing but not fully-functional surrogates that we propose should be referred to as ‘β-like’ cells or insulin-producing cells. Major Conclusions: Clear criteria can be established to differentiate fully functional, mature β cells from ‘β-like’ surrogates. In addition, we outline important knowledge gaps that must be addressed to enable a greater understanding of the β cell.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212877821001708Beta cellIsletIslet transplantationDiabetes |
| spellingShingle | Klaus H. Kaestner Martha Campbell–Thompson Yuval Dor Ronald G. Gill Benjamin Glaser Seung K. Kim Maike Sander Cherie Stabler Andrew F. Stewart Alvin C. Powers What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series Molecular Metabolism Beta cell Islet Islet transplantation Diabetes |
| title | What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series |
| title_full | What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series |
| title_fullStr | What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series |
| title_full_unstemmed | What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series |
| title_short | What is a β cell? – Chapter I in the Human Islet Research Network (HIRN) review series |
| title_sort | what is a β cell chapter i in the human islet research network hirn review series |
| topic | Beta cell Islet Islet transplantation Diabetes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212877821001708 |
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