Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains

Social Impact Statement Although tremendously successful at feeding humanity, row crop agriculture based on annuals contributes to numerous ecosystem dis‐services, ranging from soil degradation and aquatic eutrophication to greenhouse gas production. In contrast, perennial grain crops (which produce...

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Main Authors: Wen Qian Kong, Pheonah Nabukalu, Stan Cox, Robyn Johnston, Michael J. Scanlon, Jon S. Robertson, Valorie H. Goff, Gary J. Pierce, Cornelia Lemke, Rosana Compton, Jaxk Reeves, Andrew H. Paterson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-07-01
Series:Plants, People, Planet
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10253
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author Wen Qian Kong
Pheonah Nabukalu
Stan Cox
Robyn Johnston
Michael J. Scanlon
Jon S. Robertson
Valorie H. Goff
Gary J. Pierce
Cornelia Lemke
Rosana Compton
Jaxk Reeves
Andrew H. Paterson
author_facet Wen Qian Kong
Pheonah Nabukalu
Stan Cox
Robyn Johnston
Michael J. Scanlon
Jon S. Robertson
Valorie H. Goff
Gary J. Pierce
Cornelia Lemke
Rosana Compton
Jaxk Reeves
Andrew H. Paterson
author_sort Wen Qian Kong
collection DOAJ
description Social Impact Statement Although tremendously successful at feeding humanity, row crop agriculture based on annuals contributes to numerous ecosystem dis‐services, ranging from soil degradation and aquatic eutrophication to greenhouse gas production. In contrast, perennial grain crops (which produce harvests for multiple seasons from single plantings) have the potential to provide valuable regulating and supporting ecosystem services in addition to food production. In particular, losses of ecological capital that threaten permanent food insecurity such as ~1% of global soil per year are expected to be mitigated or even reversed by crops that combine the high yield realized by scientific breeding via multiple cropping cycles from single plantings. Summary Perennial herbaceous may provide food and biomass while preserving ecological capital and reducing energy inputs. Sorghum has two perennial relatives and rich morphological diversity being used to breed for perenniality. We elucidate genetic determinants of rhizomatousness and survival, in two BC1F2 populations totaling 246 genotypes derived from backcrossing different annual Sorghum bicolor X perennial S. halepense F1 plants to a tetraploidized S. bicolor. RNA‐seq assisted in identifying candidate genes for rhizomatousness. Correspondence of rhizomatousness quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with those from two populations derived from crosses between S. halepense progenitors S. bicolor X S. propinquum suggests either the preservation of interspecific polymorphism or the formation of novel alleles following polyploid S. halepense formation. Correspondence of tillering and branching QTLs further supports their developmental. Identification of genes from RNA‐seq study within QTL intervals provides insight toward discovery of causal rhizomatous genes. An unexpected finding from both S. halepense‐ and S. propinquum‐derived populations is that alleles contributing to late flowering are related to reduced rhizomatousness. Twelve of 16 QTL regions conferring rhizomatousness fall in paleo‐duplicated regions tracing to single ancestral regions 96 million years ago, indicating that corresponding genes in these regions have retained similar functions since the duplication event.
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spelling doaj.art-1773970121254ea785e21abf02cff7cd2022-12-22T03:32:33ZengWileyPlants, People, Planet2572-26112022-07-014436738110.1002/ppp3.10253Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grainsWen Qian Kong0Pheonah Nabukalu1Stan Cox2Robyn Johnston3Michael J. Scanlon4Jon S. Robertson5Valorie H. Goff6Gary J. Pierce7Cornelia Lemke8Rosana Compton9Jaxk Reeves10Andrew H. Paterson11Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USAThe Land Institute Salina Kansas USAThe Land Institute Salina Kansas USASchool of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section Cornell University Ithaca NY USASchool of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section Cornell University Ithaca NY USAPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USAPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USAPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USAPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USAPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USAThe Land Institute Salina Kansas USAPlant Genome Mapping Laboratory University of Georgia Athens Georgia USASocial Impact Statement Although tremendously successful at feeding humanity, row crop agriculture based on annuals contributes to numerous ecosystem dis‐services, ranging from soil degradation and aquatic eutrophication to greenhouse gas production. In contrast, perennial grain crops (which produce harvests for multiple seasons from single plantings) have the potential to provide valuable regulating and supporting ecosystem services in addition to food production. In particular, losses of ecological capital that threaten permanent food insecurity such as ~1% of global soil per year are expected to be mitigated or even reversed by crops that combine the high yield realized by scientific breeding via multiple cropping cycles from single plantings. Summary Perennial herbaceous may provide food and biomass while preserving ecological capital and reducing energy inputs. Sorghum has two perennial relatives and rich morphological diversity being used to breed for perenniality. We elucidate genetic determinants of rhizomatousness and survival, in two BC1F2 populations totaling 246 genotypes derived from backcrossing different annual Sorghum bicolor X perennial S. halepense F1 plants to a tetraploidized S. bicolor. RNA‐seq assisted in identifying candidate genes for rhizomatousness. Correspondence of rhizomatousness quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with those from two populations derived from crosses between S. halepense progenitors S. bicolor X S. propinquum suggests either the preservation of interspecific polymorphism or the formation of novel alleles following polyploid S. halepense formation. Correspondence of tillering and branching QTLs further supports their developmental. Identification of genes from RNA‐seq study within QTL intervals provides insight toward discovery of causal rhizomatous genes. An unexpected finding from both S. halepense‐ and S. propinquum‐derived populations is that alleles contributing to late flowering are related to reduced rhizomatousness. Twelve of 16 QTL regions conferring rhizomatousness fall in paleo‐duplicated regions tracing to single ancestral regions 96 million years ago, indicating that corresponding genes in these regions have retained similar functions since the duplication event.https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10253auto‐tetraploidgene expressionperennialrhizomesurvival
spellingShingle Wen Qian Kong
Pheonah Nabukalu
Stan Cox
Robyn Johnston
Michael J. Scanlon
Jon S. Robertson
Valorie H. Goff
Gary J. Pierce
Cornelia Lemke
Rosana Compton
Jaxk Reeves
Andrew H. Paterson
Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
Plants, People, Planet
auto‐tetraploid
gene expression
perennial
rhizome
survival
title Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
title_full Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
title_fullStr Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
title_short Unraveling the genetic components of perenniality: Toward breeding for perennial grains
title_sort unraveling the genetic components of perenniality toward breeding for perennial grains
topic auto‐tetraploid
gene expression
perennial
rhizome
survival
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10253
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