Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, whose morbidity and mortality indicators show an increasing trend worldwide. In addition to its great heterogeneity, melanoma has a high metastatic potential, resulting in very limited response to therapies currently available, which were restricted to surgery,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4652 |
| _version_ | 1797480250951598080 |
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| author | Joana Lopes Cecília M. P. Rodrigues Maria Manuela Gaspar Catarina Pinto Reis |
| author_facet | Joana Lopes Cecília M. P. Rodrigues Maria Manuela Gaspar Catarina Pinto Reis |
| author_sort | Joana Lopes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, whose morbidity and mortality indicators show an increasing trend worldwide. In addition to its great heterogeneity, melanoma has a high metastatic potential, resulting in very limited response to therapies currently available, which were restricted to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for many years. Advances in knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have allowed the development of new therapeutic classes, such as immune checkpoint and small molecule kinase inhibitors. However, despite the incontestable progress in the quality of life and survival rates of the patients, effectiveness is still far from desired. Some adverse side effects and resistance mechanisms are the main barriers. Thus, the search for better options has resulted in many clinical trials that are now investigating new drugs and/or combinations. The low water solubility of drugs, low stability and rapid metabolism limit the clinical potential and therapeutic use of some compounds. Thus, the research of nanotechnology-based strategies is being explored as the basis for the broad application of different types of nanosystems in the treatment of melanoma. Future development focus on challenges understanding the mechanisms that make these nanosystems more effective. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:57:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1778b29fe881459eb696a1c9d4728d24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:57:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1778b29fe881459eb696a1c9d4728d242023-11-23T19:54:20ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-09-011419465210.3390/cancers14194652Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest AdvancesJoana Lopes0Cecília M. P. Rodrigues1Maria Manuela Gaspar2Catarina Pinto Reis3Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa—Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalMelanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, whose morbidity and mortality indicators show an increasing trend worldwide. In addition to its great heterogeneity, melanoma has a high metastatic potential, resulting in very limited response to therapies currently available, which were restricted to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for many years. Advances in knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have allowed the development of new therapeutic classes, such as immune checkpoint and small molecule kinase inhibitors. However, despite the incontestable progress in the quality of life and survival rates of the patients, effectiveness is still far from desired. Some adverse side effects and resistance mechanisms are the main barriers. Thus, the search for better options has resulted in many clinical trials that are now investigating new drugs and/or combinations. The low water solubility of drugs, low stability and rapid metabolism limit the clinical potential and therapeutic use of some compounds. Thus, the research of nanotechnology-based strategies is being explored as the basis for the broad application of different types of nanosystems in the treatment of melanoma. Future development focus on challenges understanding the mechanisms that make these nanosystems more effective.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4652melanomaepidemiologyetiologydiagnosistreatmentnanotechnology |
| spellingShingle | Joana Lopes Cecília M. P. Rodrigues Maria Manuela Gaspar Catarina Pinto Reis Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances Cancers melanoma epidemiology etiology diagnosis treatment nanotechnology |
| title | Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances |
| title_full | Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances |
| title_fullStr | Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances |
| title_short | Melanoma Management: From Epidemiology to Treatment and Latest Advances |
| title_sort | melanoma management from epidemiology to treatment and latest advances |
| topic | melanoma epidemiology etiology diagnosis treatment nanotechnology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4652 |
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