The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics
Animal research ethics and animal welfare in science have become progressively tightly regulated, and ethical integrity and scientific quality, as well as social responsiveness and responsibility have become key requirements for research to be approved, funded, published, and accepted. The multitude...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1128 |
| _version_ | 1827747177133244416 |
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| author | Christiaan B. Brink David I. Lewis |
| author_facet | Christiaan B. Brink David I. Lewis |
| author_sort | Christiaan B. Brink |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Animal research ethics and animal welfare in science have become progressively tightly regulated, and ethical integrity and scientific quality, as well as social responsiveness and responsibility have become key requirements for research to be approved, funded, published, and accepted. The multitude of factors to contemplate has in some instances not only become complex, requiring a team approach, but often perceived as confusing and overwhelming. To facilitate a process of simplistic yet comprehensive conceptualization, we developed the 12 Rs Framework to act as a mind map to guide scientists, oversight structures, and other stakeholders through the myriad of ethical considerations. It unfolds into three domains of twelve encompassing ethical principles, values, and other considerations, including the animal welfare, social values, and scientific integrity domains, whilst also recognizing the diversity of local context, legal requirements, values, and cultures around the globe. In the end, it can be seen as a unifying ethical framework to foster and promote animal research ethics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:43:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1779bd1c045646c387b3106872716c21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:43:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1779bd1c045646c387b3106872716c212023-11-17T16:13:11ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-01137112810.3390/ani13071128The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research EthicsChristiaan B. Brink0David I. Lewis1Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South AfricaSchool of Biomedical Sciences & Biological Sciences Teaching Innovation Hub, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKAnimal research ethics and animal welfare in science have become progressively tightly regulated, and ethical integrity and scientific quality, as well as social responsiveness and responsibility have become key requirements for research to be approved, funded, published, and accepted. The multitude of factors to contemplate has in some instances not only become complex, requiring a team approach, but often perceived as confusing and overwhelming. To facilitate a process of simplistic yet comprehensive conceptualization, we developed the 12 Rs Framework to act as a mind map to guide scientists, oversight structures, and other stakeholders through the myriad of ethical considerations. It unfolds into three domains of twelve encompassing ethical principles, values, and other considerations, including the animal welfare, social values, and scientific integrity domains, whilst also recognizing the diversity of local context, legal requirements, values, and cultures around the globe. In the end, it can be seen as a unifying ethical framework to foster and promote animal research ethics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1128animal research ethics12Rs framework3Rsharm-benefit analysisethical principlesanimal rights |
| spellingShingle | Christiaan B. Brink David I. Lewis The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics Animals animal research ethics 12Rs framework 3Rs harm-benefit analysis ethical principles animal rights |
| title | The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics |
| title_full | The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics |
| title_fullStr | The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics |
| title_full_unstemmed | The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics |
| title_short | The 12 Rs Framework as a Comprehensive, Unifying Construct for Principles Guiding Animal Research Ethics |
| title_sort | 12 rs framework as a comprehensive unifying construct for principles guiding animal research ethics |
| topic | animal research ethics 12Rs framework 3Rs harm-benefit analysis ethical principles animal rights |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1128 |
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