The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin
Glaciers have proven to be a particularly sensitive indicator of climate change, and the impacts of glacier melting on downstream water supplies are becoming increasingly important as the world’s population expands and global warming continues. Data scarcity in mountainous catchments, on the other h...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6080 |
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| author | Chengde Yang Min Xu Congsheng Fu Shichang Kang Yi Luo |
| author_facet | Chengde Yang Min Xu Congsheng Fu Shichang Kang Yi Luo |
| author_sort | Chengde Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glaciers have proven to be a particularly sensitive indicator of climate change, and the impacts of glacier melting on downstream water supplies are becoming increasingly important as the world’s population expands and global warming continues. Data scarcity in mountainous catchments, on the other hand, has been a substantial impediment to hydrological simulation. Therefore, an enhanced glacier hydrological model combined with multi-source remote sensing data was introduced in this study and was performed in the Upper Yarkant River (UYR) Basin. A simple yet efficient degree-day glacier melt algorithm considering solar radiation effects has been introduced for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus model (SWAT+), sensitivity analysis and auto calibration/validation processes were integrated into this enhanced model as well. The results indicate that (i) including glacio-hydrological processes and multi-source remote sensing data considerably improved the simulation precision, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) promotion of 1.9 times and correlated coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 1.6 times greater than the original model; (ii) it is an efficient and feasible way to simulate glacio-hydrological processes with SWAT+Glacier and calibrate it using observed discharge data in data-scarce and glacier-melt-dominated catchments; and (iii) glacier runoff is intensively distributed throughout the summer season, accounting for about 78.5% of the annual glacier runoff, and glacier meltwater provides approximately 52.5% (4.4 × 10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) of total runoff in the study area. This research can serve the runoff simulation in glacierized regions and help in understanding the interactions between streamflow components and climate change on basin scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:33:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-177b98ed2d074e6fa0bb7c3b5e82c108 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:33:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-177b98ed2d074e6fa0bb7c3b5e82c1082023-11-24T12:05:26ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-11-011423608010.3390/rs14236080The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River BasinChengde Yang0Min Xu1Congsheng Fu2Shichang Kang3Yi Luo4State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaGlaciers have proven to be a particularly sensitive indicator of climate change, and the impacts of glacier melting on downstream water supplies are becoming increasingly important as the world’s population expands and global warming continues. Data scarcity in mountainous catchments, on the other hand, has been a substantial impediment to hydrological simulation. Therefore, an enhanced glacier hydrological model combined with multi-source remote sensing data was introduced in this study and was performed in the Upper Yarkant River (UYR) Basin. A simple yet efficient degree-day glacier melt algorithm considering solar radiation effects has been introduced for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus model (SWAT+), sensitivity analysis and auto calibration/validation processes were integrated into this enhanced model as well. The results indicate that (i) including glacio-hydrological processes and multi-source remote sensing data considerably improved the simulation precision, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) promotion of 1.9 times and correlated coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 1.6 times greater than the original model; (ii) it is an efficient and feasible way to simulate glacio-hydrological processes with SWAT+Glacier and calibrate it using observed discharge data in data-scarce and glacier-melt-dominated catchments; and (iii) glacier runoff is intensively distributed throughout the summer season, accounting for about 78.5% of the annual glacier runoff, and glacier meltwater provides approximately 52.5% (4.4 × 10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) of total runoff in the study area. This research can serve the runoff simulation in glacierized regions and help in understanding the interactions between streamflow components and climate change on basin scale.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6080SWAT+glacier runoff modelingenhanced degree-day modelupper Yarkant River Basinremote sensing data |
| spellingShingle | Chengde Yang Min Xu Congsheng Fu Shichang Kang Yi Luo The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin Remote Sensing SWAT+ glacier runoff modeling enhanced degree-day model upper Yarkant River Basin remote sensing data |
| title | The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin |
| title_full | The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin |
| title_fullStr | The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin |
| title_short | The Coupling of Glacier Melt Module in SWAT+ Model Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study in the Upper Yarkant River Basin |
| title_sort | coupling of glacier melt module in swat model based on multi source remote sensing data a case study in the upper yarkant river basin |
| topic | SWAT+ glacier runoff modeling enhanced degree-day model upper Yarkant River Basin remote sensing data |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6080 |
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