15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 Protects PC12 cells from LPS-Induced Cell Death Through Nrf2 pathway in PPAR-γ Dependent Manner
Introduction:The inflammatory response requires a coordinated integration of various signaling pathway including cyclooxygenase (COX).COX catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Among prostaglandins, 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2),an endogenous ligand of Peroxis...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Iran University of Medical Sciences
2012-02-01
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| Series: | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://bcn.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-98&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| Summary: | Introduction:The inflammatory response requires a coordinated integration of various signaling pathway including cyclooxygenase (COX).COX catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Among prostaglandins, 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2),an endogenous ligand of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ),has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory actions.In this study,we investigated whether 15d-PGJ2 as a PPAR-γ ligand could exert neuroprotective effects in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in PPAR-γ dependent manner. Methods: In our experiment, using PC12 cells, the levels of NF-κB, Nrf2, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), hemeoxygenase (HO-1) and apoptosis factors were determined using Western blot in different groups. Also cell viability was determined by the conventional MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) reduction assay and two staining involved Hoechst staining and Acridine Ordange/Ethidiume Bromide staining respectively. Results: Our results show that NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor and 15d-PGJ2, a natural potent ligand of PPAR-γ, were neuroprotective through modulation of at least three different, but related pathways and molecules, including NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our data showed that 15d-PGJ2 and NS-398 induced Nrf2 signaling pathway and its downstream factors such as HO-1 and γ-GCS, while 15d-PGJ2 and NS-398 decreased NF-κB level. Interestingly, the observed protective effects were mediated through PPAR-γ-dependent mechanisms, as they reversed by GW9662, an irreversible antagonist of PPAR-γ receptor. Discussion: Thus we conclude that 15d-PGJ2 as well as NS-398 exert anti cell death effect in a PPAR-γ dependent mechanisms. |
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| ISSN: | 2008-126X 2228-7442 |