Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling
Striated muscle shows an amazing ability to adapt its structural apparatus based on contractile activity, loading conditions, fuel supply, or environmental factors. Studies with mammalian hibernators have identified a variety of molecular pathways which are strategically regulated and allow animals...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2016-05-01
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| Series: | Biomolecular Concepts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2015-0031 |
| _version_ | 1818730301559406592 |
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| author | Tessier Shannon N. Storey Kenneth B. |
| author_facet | Tessier Shannon N. Storey Kenneth B. |
| author_sort | Tessier Shannon N. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Striated muscle shows an amazing ability to adapt its structural apparatus based on contractile activity, loading conditions, fuel supply, or environmental factors. Studies with mammalian hibernators have identified a variety of molecular pathways which are strategically regulated and allow animals to endure multiple stresses associated with the hibernating season. Of particular interest is the observation that hibernators show little skeletal muscle atrophy despite the profound metabolic rate depression and mechanical unloading that they experience during long weeks of torpor. Additionally, the cardiac muscle of hibernators must adjust to low temperature and reduced perfusion, while the strength of contraction increases in order to pump cold, viscous blood. Consequently, hibernators hold a wealth of knowledge as it pertains to understanding the natural capacity of myocytes to alter structural, contractile and metabolic properties in response to environmental stimuli. The present review outlines the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which play a role in muscular atrophy, hypertrophy, and remodeling. In this capacity, four main networks are highlighted: (1) antioxidant defenses, (2) the regulation of structural, contractile and metabolic proteins, (3) ubiquitin proteosomal machinery, and (4) macroautophagy pathways. Subsequently, we discuss the role of transcription factors nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), and Forkhead box (FOXO) and their associated posttranslational modifications as it pertains to regulating each of these networks. Finally, we propose that comparing and contrasting these concepts to data collected from model organisms able to withstand dramatic changes in muscular function without injury will allow researchers to delineate physiological versus pathological responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:59:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17837e385ef44668b19eb07344b11b12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1868-5021 1868-503X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:59:37Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecular Concepts |
| spelling | doaj.art-17837e385ef44668b19eb07344b11b122022-12-21T21:29:27ZengDe GruyterBiomolecular Concepts1868-50211868-503X2016-05-0172699210.1515/bmc-2015-0031Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodelingTessier Shannon N.0Storey Kenneth B.1Department of Surgery and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USAInstitute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Ontario, CanadaStriated muscle shows an amazing ability to adapt its structural apparatus based on contractile activity, loading conditions, fuel supply, or environmental factors. Studies with mammalian hibernators have identified a variety of molecular pathways which are strategically regulated and allow animals to endure multiple stresses associated with the hibernating season. Of particular interest is the observation that hibernators show little skeletal muscle atrophy despite the profound metabolic rate depression and mechanical unloading that they experience during long weeks of torpor. Additionally, the cardiac muscle of hibernators must adjust to low temperature and reduced perfusion, while the strength of contraction increases in order to pump cold, viscous blood. Consequently, hibernators hold a wealth of knowledge as it pertains to understanding the natural capacity of myocytes to alter structural, contractile and metabolic properties in response to environmental stimuli. The present review outlines the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which play a role in muscular atrophy, hypertrophy, and remodeling. In this capacity, four main networks are highlighted: (1) antioxidant defenses, (2) the regulation of structural, contractile and metabolic proteins, (3) ubiquitin proteosomal machinery, and (4) macroautophagy pathways. Subsequently, we discuss the role of transcription factors nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), and Forkhead box (FOXO) and their associated posttranslational modifications as it pertains to regulating each of these networks. Finally, we propose that comparing and contrasting these concepts to data collected from model organisms able to withstand dramatic changes in muscular function without injury will allow researchers to delineate physiological versus pathological responses.https://doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2015-0031antioxidant pathwaysmacroautophagymammalian hibernationmuscle massstructural proteinsubiquitin proteosomal machinery |
| spellingShingle | Tessier Shannon N. Storey Kenneth B. Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling Biomolecular Concepts antioxidant pathways macroautophagy mammalian hibernation muscle mass structural proteins ubiquitin proteosomal machinery |
| title | Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling |
| title_full | Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling |
| title_fullStr | Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling |
| title_short | Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling |
| title_sort | lessons from mammalian hibernators molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling |
| topic | antioxidant pathways macroautophagy mammalian hibernation muscle mass structural proteins ubiquitin proteosomal machinery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2015-0031 |
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