Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra
Abstract Background Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common, recently recognized, psychiatric condition among reproductive women, reflecting abnormal responsivity to ovarian steroids. Moreover, the potential organizational effect of prenatal sex hormones during PMDD has got attentions, bu...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01403-4 |
| _version_ | 1818666683291664384 |
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| author | Zheng Li Meng-jiao Xu Ying Jin Bing-gen Zhu |
| author_facet | Zheng Li Meng-jiao Xu Ying Jin Bing-gen Zhu |
| author_sort | Zheng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common, recently recognized, psychiatric condition among reproductive women, reflecting abnormal responsivity to ovarian steroids. Moreover, the potential organizational effect of prenatal sex hormones during PMDD has got attentions, but there have been considerably less of researches on this topic. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible role of prenatal androgen in the PMDD. Methods Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance between a woman’s clitoris and her urethral meatus (CUMD), left and right 2D:4D ratios were measured in 77 subjects (25 patients with PMDD), as these anthropometric indicators are considered to indirectly reflect prenatal androgen exposures in utero. Results Patients with PMDD had a longer CUMD than controls (25.03 ± 4.73 vs. 22.07 ± 4.30, P = 0.008), while there were no significant difference between PMDD group and control group in the AGD and right and left 2D:4D ratios. Conclusion Atypical high prenatal androgen exposure might predispose individuals to be susceptible to PMDD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:08:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-178df2855e6e4a11ba38de751076bd67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:08:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-178df2855e6e4a11ba38de751076bd672022-12-21T22:00:42ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742021-07-012111510.1186/s12905-021-01403-4Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethraZheng Li0Meng-jiao Xu1Ying Jin2Bing-gen Zhu3Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicinePudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of MedicinePudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of MedicineAbstract Background Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common, recently recognized, psychiatric condition among reproductive women, reflecting abnormal responsivity to ovarian steroids. Moreover, the potential organizational effect of prenatal sex hormones during PMDD has got attentions, but there have been considerably less of researches on this topic. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible role of prenatal androgen in the PMDD. Methods Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance between a woman’s clitoris and her urethral meatus (CUMD), left and right 2D:4D ratios were measured in 77 subjects (25 patients with PMDD), as these anthropometric indicators are considered to indirectly reflect prenatal androgen exposures in utero. Results Patients with PMDD had a longer CUMD than controls (25.03 ± 4.73 vs. 22.07 ± 4.30, P = 0.008), while there were no significant difference between PMDD group and control group in the AGD and right and left 2D:4D ratios. Conclusion Atypical high prenatal androgen exposure might predispose individuals to be susceptible to PMDD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01403-4Premenstrual dysphoric disorderLength from clitoris to urethraAnogenital distance2D:4D ratios |
| spellingShingle | Zheng Li Meng-jiao Xu Ying Jin Bing-gen Zhu Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra BMC Women's Health Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Length from clitoris to urethra Anogenital distance 2D:4D ratios |
| title | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra |
| title_full | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra |
| title_fullStr | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra |
| title_full_unstemmed | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra |
| title_short | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra |
| title_sort | premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with the longer length from clitoris to urethra |
| topic | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Length from clitoris to urethra Anogenital distance 2D:4D ratios |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01403-4 |
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