Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates
This paper is the second of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone architectural patterns to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct non-avian species. Cancellous bone is widely known to be...
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PeerJ Inc.
2018-10-01
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| author | Peter J. Bishop Scott A. Hocknull Christofer J. Clemente John R. Hutchinson Rod S. Barrett David G. Lloyd |
| author_facet | Peter J. Bishop Scott A. Hocknull Christofer J. Clemente John R. Hutchinson Rod S. Barrett David G. Lloyd |
| author_sort | Peter J. Bishop |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper is the second of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone architectural patterns to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct non-avian species. Cancellous bone is widely known to be highly sensitive to its mechanical environment, and therefore has the potential to provide insight into locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates such as dinosaurs. Here in Part II, a new biomechanical modelling approach is outlined, one which mechanistically links cancellous bone architectural patterns with three-dimensional musculoskeletal and finite element modelling of the hindlimb. In particular, the architecture of cancellous bone is used to derive a single ‘characteristic posture’ for a given species—one in which bone continuum-level principal stresses best align with cancellous bone fabric—and thereby clarify hindlimb locomotor biomechanics. The quasi-static approach was validated for an extant theropod, the chicken, and is shown to provide a good estimate of limb posture at around mid-stance. It also provides reasonable predictions of bone loading mechanics, especially for the proximal hindlimb, and also provides a broadly accurate assessment of muscle recruitment insofar as limb stabilization is concerned. In addition to being useful for better understanding locomotor biomechanics in extant species, the approach hence provides a new avenue by which to analyse, test and refine palaeobiomechanical hypotheses, not just for extinct theropods, but potentially many other extinct tetrapod groups as well. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:28:32Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:28:32Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-179105232be941749cd07d0dcb8091302023-12-03T11:10:32ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592018-10-016e577910.7717/peerj.5779Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebratesPeter J. Bishop0Scott A. Hocknull1Christofer J. Clemente2John R. Hutchinson3Rod S. Barrett4David G. Lloyd5Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaGeosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, AustraliaStructure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UKSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, AustraliaThis paper is the second of a three-part series that investigates the architecture of cancellous bone in the main hindlimb bones of theropod dinosaurs, and uses cancellous bone architectural patterns to infer locomotor biomechanics in extinct non-avian species. Cancellous bone is widely known to be highly sensitive to its mechanical environment, and therefore has the potential to provide insight into locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates such as dinosaurs. Here in Part II, a new biomechanical modelling approach is outlined, one which mechanistically links cancellous bone architectural patterns with three-dimensional musculoskeletal and finite element modelling of the hindlimb. In particular, the architecture of cancellous bone is used to derive a single ‘characteristic posture’ for a given species—one in which bone continuum-level principal stresses best align with cancellous bone fabric—and thereby clarify hindlimb locomotor biomechanics. The quasi-static approach was validated for an extant theropod, the chicken, and is shown to provide a good estimate of limb posture at around mid-stance. It also provides reasonable predictions of bone loading mechanics, especially for the proximal hindlimb, and also provides a broadly accurate assessment of muscle recruitment insofar as limb stabilization is concerned. In addition to being useful for better understanding locomotor biomechanics in extant species, the approach hence provides a new avenue by which to analyse, test and refine palaeobiomechanical hypotheses, not just for extinct theropods, but potentially many other extinct tetrapod groups as well.https://peerj.com/articles/5779.pdfCancellous boneTheropodBirdLocomotionBiomechanicsMusculoskeletal modelling |
| spellingShingle | Peter J. Bishop Scott A. Hocknull Christofer J. Clemente John R. Hutchinson Rod S. Barrett David G. Lloyd Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates PeerJ Cancellous bone Theropod Bird Locomotion Biomechanics Musculoskeletal modelling |
| title | Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates |
| title_full | Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates |
| title_fullStr | Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates |
| title_short | Cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion. Part II—a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates |
| title_sort | cancellous bone and theropod dinosaur locomotion part ii a new approach to inferring posture and locomotor biomechanics in extinct tetrapod vertebrates |
| topic | Cancellous bone Theropod Bird Locomotion Biomechanics Musculoskeletal modelling |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/5779.pdf |
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