Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing
The present work investigates the effectiveness of two heat treatment cycles—solution treatment + aging (STA) and direct aging (DA)—on optimizing the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of 18Ni-300 maraging steel (300 MS) produced by additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4749 |
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| author | Mahmoud Osman Sheida Sarafan Priti Wanjara Fabrice Bernier Sila Ece Atabay Javad Gholipour Marjan Molavi-Zarandi Josh Soost Mathieu Brochu |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Osman Sheida Sarafan Priti Wanjara Fabrice Bernier Sila Ece Atabay Javad Gholipour Marjan Molavi-Zarandi Josh Soost Mathieu Brochu |
| author_sort | Mahmoud Osman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present work investigates the effectiveness of two heat treatment cycles—solution treatment + aging (STA) and direct aging (DA)—on optimizing the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of 18Ni-300 maraging steel (300 MS) produced by additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM). The STA treatment led to a fully martensitic microstructure with minor remnants of the cellular substructures associated with the solidification conditions in ASHM. DA resulted in some reverted austenite and partial dissolution of the cellular morphologies into shorter fragments. Despite the contrasting microstructures, the tensile strength and the macro- and micro-hardness were comparable between STA and DA conditions. By contrast, the potential for improving the ductility was higher with the DA heat treatment. This is attributed to the higher reverted austenite content in the samples treated by DA, i.e., up to a maximum of 13.4% compared to less than 3.0% in the STA samples. For the DA sample with the highest reverted austenite content of 13.4%, the highest local and global fracture strain values of 30.1 and 5.9 ± 0.6% were measured, while the respective values were 23.4 and 4.4 ± 0.1% for the corresponding STA sample. This work suggests that DA of 300 MS produced by ASHM is sufficient to achieve comparable hardness and tensile strength to STA, whilst maintaining reasonable ductility. Avoiding the solution treatment cycle, with its appreciably higher temperatures, could benefit the dimensional stability and surface quality that are important for ASHM of 300 MS parts. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:35:51Z |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-179877a1e68e4c53a817cc0875eeea022023-11-18T16:59:18ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-06-011613474910.3390/ma16134749Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid ManufacturingMahmoud Osman0Sheida Sarafan1Priti Wanjara2Fabrice Bernier3Sila Ece Atabay4Javad Gholipour5Marjan Molavi-Zarandi6Josh Soost7Mathieu Brochu8National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, CanadaMatsuura Machinery USA Inc., St. Paul, MN 55102, USADepartment of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, CanadaThe present work investigates the effectiveness of two heat treatment cycles—solution treatment + aging (STA) and direct aging (DA)—on optimizing the microstructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of 18Ni-300 maraging steel (300 MS) produced by additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing (ASHM). The STA treatment led to a fully martensitic microstructure with minor remnants of the cellular substructures associated with the solidification conditions in ASHM. DA resulted in some reverted austenite and partial dissolution of the cellular morphologies into shorter fragments. Despite the contrasting microstructures, the tensile strength and the macro- and micro-hardness were comparable between STA and DA conditions. By contrast, the potential for improving the ductility was higher with the DA heat treatment. This is attributed to the higher reverted austenite content in the samples treated by DA, i.e., up to a maximum of 13.4% compared to less than 3.0% in the STA samples. For the DA sample with the highest reverted austenite content of 13.4%, the highest local and global fracture strain values of 30.1 and 5.9 ± 0.6% were measured, while the respective values were 23.4 and 4.4 ± 0.1% for the corresponding STA sample. This work suggests that DA of 300 MS produced by ASHM is sufficient to achieve comparable hardness and tensile strength to STA, whilst maintaining reasonable ductility. Avoiding the solution treatment cycle, with its appreciably higher temperatures, could benefit the dimensional stability and surface quality that are important for ASHM of 300 MS parts.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4749additive–subtractivehybrid manufacturing18Ni-300 maraging steelheat treatmentmechanical propertiesmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Osman Sheida Sarafan Priti Wanjara Fabrice Bernier Sila Ece Atabay Javad Gholipour Marjan Molavi-Zarandi Josh Soost Mathieu Brochu Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing Materials additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing 18Ni-300 maraging steel heat treatment mechanical properties microstructure |
| title | Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing |
| title_full | Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing |
| title_short | Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Produced by Additive–Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing |
| title_sort | effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 18ni 300 maraging steel produced by additive subtractive hybrid manufacturing |
| topic | additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing 18Ni-300 maraging steel heat treatment mechanical properties microstructure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4749 |
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