<i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression
The use of phytochemicals is gaining increasing attention for treating cancer morbidity with minimal burden side effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> branch (<i>P. roxburghii</i>) and <i>Nauplius graveole...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| author | Mosab Gad Hassan Z. Hassouna Khaled Mahmoud Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou Amal S. Abdel-Azeem Amany M. Hegazy Mohamed S. Abdel-Lattife Emam A. Abdel-Rahim Fouad A. Ahmed Jae-Han Shim Ahmed A. Zaky |
| author_facet | Mosab Gad Hassan Z. Hassouna Khaled Mahmoud Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou Amal S. Abdel-Azeem Amany M. Hegazy Mohamed S. Abdel-Lattife Emam A. Abdel-Rahim Fouad A. Ahmed Jae-Han Shim Ahmed A. Zaky |
| author_sort | Mosab Gad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of phytochemicals is gaining increasing attention for treating cancer morbidity with minimal burden side effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> branch (<i>P. roxburghii</i>) and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> (<i>N. graveolens</i>) extracts <i>in vitro</i>. Cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was determined to detect apoptotic pathway initiation. Mechanistically, the apoptotic pathway was tracked by estimating the relative mRNA expression levels of the Bcl-2, Bax, Cas3, NF-κB, and PI3k genes by qRT-PCR. <i>P. roxburghii</i> exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, while <i>N. graveolens</i> possessed highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS assays. HPLC analysis demonstrated that catechin and chlorogenic acid were the predominant polyphenolic compounds in <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i>, respectively. The <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i> extracts inhibited the viability of HCT-116 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 30.6 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 26.5 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. DNA fragmentation analysis showed that the proposed extracts induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Moreover, the IC<sub>50</sub> doses of the selected extracts significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) upregulated Bax and cleaved Cas-3, and downregulated Bcl-2, NF-κB, and PI3k genes versus the GAPDH gene as a housekeeping gene in comparison to the control group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was raised upon treatment. The mentioned extracts exhibited antimicrobial action against all tested bacteria and fungi. The highest antibacterial effect was recorded against <i>E. coli</i>, with inhibition zones of 12.0 and 11.2 mm for <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i>, respectively. On the other hand, the highest antifungal action was registered for <i>Penicillium verrucosum</i> and <i>A. niger</i>, with inhibition zones of 9.8 and 9.2 mm for the tested extracts, respectively. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study indicate that <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i> extracts could potentially be used as anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:51:14Z |
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| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-179b068a60f54efa890a4eaebf66a0dc2023-11-24T17:59:20ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392022-11-0191239310.3390/separations9120393<i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene ExpressionMosab Gad0Hassan Z. Hassouna1Khaled Mahmoud2Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou3Amal S. Abdel-Azeem4Amany M. Hegazy5Mohamed S. Abdel-Lattife6Emam A. Abdel-Rahim7Fouad A. Ahmed8Jae-Han Shim9Ahmed A. Zaky10Nutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptNutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptPharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptHormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptNutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptNutrition and Food Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptNatural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Technology, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptThe use of phytochemicals is gaining increasing attention for treating cancer morbidity with minimal burden side effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> branch (<i>P. roxburghii</i>) and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> (<i>N. graveolens</i>) extracts <i>in vitro</i>. Cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was determined to detect apoptotic pathway initiation. Mechanistically, the apoptotic pathway was tracked by estimating the relative mRNA expression levels of the Bcl-2, Bax, Cas3, NF-κB, and PI3k genes by qRT-PCR. <i>P. roxburghii</i> exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, while <i>N. graveolens</i> possessed highly significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS assays. HPLC analysis demonstrated that catechin and chlorogenic acid were the predominant polyphenolic compounds in <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i>, respectively. The <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i> extracts inhibited the viability of HCT-116 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 30.6 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 26.5 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. DNA fragmentation analysis showed that the proposed extracts induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Moreover, the IC<sub>50</sub> doses of the selected extracts significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) upregulated Bax and cleaved Cas-3, and downregulated Bcl-2, NF-κB, and PI3k genes versus the GAPDH gene as a housekeeping gene in comparison to the control group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was raised upon treatment. The mentioned extracts exhibited antimicrobial action against all tested bacteria and fungi. The highest antibacterial effect was recorded against <i>E. coli</i>, with inhibition zones of 12.0 and 11.2 mm for <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i>, respectively. On the other hand, the highest antifungal action was registered for <i>Penicillium verrucosum</i> and <i>A. niger</i>, with inhibition zones of 9.8 and 9.2 mm for the tested extracts, respectively. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study indicate that <i>P. roxburghii</i> and <i>N. graveolens</i> extracts could potentially be used as anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/12/393<i>P. roxburghii</i><i>N. graveolens</i>colon cancerDNA fragmentationapoptosisgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Mosab Gad Hassan Z. Hassouna Khaled Mahmoud Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou Amal S. Abdel-Azeem Amany M. Hegazy Mohamed S. Abdel-Lattife Emam A. Abdel-Rahim Fouad A. Ahmed Jae-Han Shim Ahmed A. Zaky <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression Separations <i>P. roxburghii</i> <i>N. graveolens</i> colon cancer DNA fragmentation apoptosis gene expression |
| title | <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression |
| title_full | <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression |
| title_fullStr | <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression |
| title_short | <i>In Vitro</i> Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> and <i>Nauplius graveolens</i> Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression |
| title_sort | i in vitro i anti colorectal cancer and anti microbial effects of i pinus roxburghii i and i nauplius graveolens i extracts modulated by apoptotic gene expression |
| topic | <i>P. roxburghii</i> <i>N. graveolens</i> colon cancer DNA fragmentation apoptosis gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/12/393 |
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