Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity
This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/12/752 |
| _version_ | 1797546363147255808 |
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| author | Massimo Picardo Oscar Núñez Marinella Farré |
| author_facet | Massimo Picardo Oscar Núñez Marinella Farré |
| author_sort | Massimo Picardo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. Finally, the toxins identified to levels 2 and 1 were prioritised according to their bioaccumulation factor, biodegradability, frequency of detection, and toxicity. This screening and prioritisation approach resulted in different natural toxins that should be further assessed for their ecotoxicological effects and considered in future studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:28:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17a5e2df3b2c4256ba66974fbc144828 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:28:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-17a5e2df3b2c4256ba66974fbc1448282023-11-20T22:46:42ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-11-01121275210.3390/toxins12120752Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their ToxicityMassimo Picardo0Oscar Núñez1Marinella Farré2Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, SpainThis study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. Finally, the toxins identified to levels 2 and 1 were prioritised according to their bioaccumulation factor, biodegradability, frequency of detection, and toxicity. This screening and prioritisation approach resulted in different natural toxins that should be further assessed for their ecotoxicological effects and considered in future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/12/752natural toxinscyanotoxinsphytotoxinsmycotoxinssuspected screeningHRMS |
| spellingShingle | Massimo Picardo Oscar Núñez Marinella Farré Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity Toxins natural toxins cyanotoxins phytotoxins mycotoxins suspected screening HRMS |
| title | Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity |
| title_full | Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity |
| title_fullStr | Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity |
| title_short | Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity |
| title_sort | suspect and target screening of natural toxins in the ter river catchment area in ne spain and prioritisation by their toxicity |
| topic | natural toxins cyanotoxins phytotoxins mycotoxins suspected screening HRMS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/12/752 |
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