Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments
<p>Explosive volcanic eruptions influence near-surface temperature and precipitation especially in the monsoon regions, but the impact varies with different eruption seasons and latitudes. To study this variability, two groups of ensemble simulations are performed with volcanic eruptions in Ju...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13425/2021/acp-21-13425-2021.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818911056981917696 |
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| author | Z. Zhuo Z. Zhuo I. Kirchner S. Pfahl U. Cubasch |
| author_facet | Z. Zhuo Z. Zhuo I. Kirchner S. Pfahl U. Cubasch |
| author_sort | Z. Zhuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Explosive volcanic eruptions influence near-surface
temperature and precipitation especially in the monsoon regions, but the
impact varies with different eruption seasons and latitudes. To study this
variability, two groups of ensemble simulations are performed with volcanic
eruptions in June and December at 0<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> representing an equatorial
eruption (EQ) and at 30<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N and 30<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> S representing
Northern and Southern Hemisphere eruptions (NH and SH). Results show
significant cooling especially in areas with enhanced volcanic aerosol
content. Compared to the EQ eruption, stronger cooling emerges in the
Northern Hemisphere after the NH eruption and in the Southern Hemisphere
after the SH eruption. Stronger precipitation variations occur in the
tropics than in the high latitudes. Summer and winter eruptions lead to
similar hydrological impacts. The NH and the SH eruptions have reversed
climate impacts, especially in the regions of the South Asian summer monsoon
(SASM). After the NH eruption, direct radiative effects of volcanic aerosols
induce changes in the interhemispheric and land–sea thermal contrasts, which
move the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) southward and weaken the
SASM. This reduces the moisture transport from the ocean and reduces cloud
formation and precipitation in India. The subsequent radiative feedbacks due
to regional cloud cover lead to warming in India. After the SH eruption,
vice versa, a northward movement of the ITCZ and strengthening of the SASM,
along with enhanced cloud formation, lead to enhanced precipitation and
cooling in India. This emphasizes the sensitivity of regional climate
impacts of volcanic eruptions to eruption latitude, which relates to the
dynamical response of the climate system to radiative effects of volcanic
aerosols and the subsequent regional physical feedbacks. Our results
indicate the importance of considering dynamical and physical feedbacks to
understand the mechanism behind regional climate responses to volcanic
eruptions and may also shed light on the climate impact and potential
mechanisms of stratospheric aerosol engineering.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:52:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17b1cde7e637433499b0a3c072891359 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T22:52:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-17b1cde7e637433499b0a3c0728913592022-12-21T20:02:44ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-09-0121134251344210.5194/acp-21-13425-2021Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experimentsZ. Zhuo0Z. Zhuo1I. Kirchner2S. Pfahl3U. Cubasch4Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germanynow at: Section for Meteorology and Oceanography, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, NorwayInstitute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, Germany<p>Explosive volcanic eruptions influence near-surface temperature and precipitation especially in the monsoon regions, but the impact varies with different eruption seasons and latitudes. To study this variability, two groups of ensemble simulations are performed with volcanic eruptions in June and December at 0<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> representing an equatorial eruption (EQ) and at 30<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N and 30<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> S representing Northern and Southern Hemisphere eruptions (NH and SH). Results show significant cooling especially in areas with enhanced volcanic aerosol content. Compared to the EQ eruption, stronger cooling emerges in the Northern Hemisphere after the NH eruption and in the Southern Hemisphere after the SH eruption. Stronger precipitation variations occur in the tropics than in the high latitudes. Summer and winter eruptions lead to similar hydrological impacts. The NH and the SH eruptions have reversed climate impacts, especially in the regions of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM). After the NH eruption, direct radiative effects of volcanic aerosols induce changes in the interhemispheric and land–sea thermal contrasts, which move the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) southward and weaken the SASM. This reduces the moisture transport from the ocean and reduces cloud formation and precipitation in India. The subsequent radiative feedbacks due to regional cloud cover lead to warming in India. After the SH eruption, vice versa, a northward movement of the ITCZ and strengthening of the SASM, along with enhanced cloud formation, lead to enhanced precipitation and cooling in India. This emphasizes the sensitivity of regional climate impacts of volcanic eruptions to eruption latitude, which relates to the dynamical response of the climate system to radiative effects of volcanic aerosols and the subsequent regional physical feedbacks. Our results indicate the importance of considering dynamical and physical feedbacks to understand the mechanism behind regional climate responses to volcanic eruptions and may also shed light on the climate impact and potential mechanisms of stratospheric aerosol engineering.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13425/2021/acp-21-13425-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Z. Zhuo Z. Zhuo I. Kirchner S. Pfahl U. Cubasch Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments |
| title_full | Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments |
| title_fullStr | Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments |
| title_short | Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments |
| title_sort | climate impact of volcanic eruptions the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in mpi esm ensemble experiments |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13425/2021/acp-21-13425-2021.pdf |
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