Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia
Abstract Background There is scarce information about ischemic stroke in young patients in Colombia. To get insights about this phenomenon, this study describes the etiologies and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young patients in a third level complexity referral hospital in Medellin, Colombia. M...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Neurology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02895-9 |
| _version_ | 1811208659354517504 |
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| author | Juan Diego Vargas-Murcia Sandra Patricia Isaza-Jaramillo Dionis Magnary Vallejo-Mesa Daniela Carvajal-Muñoz |
| author_facet | Juan Diego Vargas-Murcia Sandra Patricia Isaza-Jaramillo Dionis Magnary Vallejo-Mesa Daniela Carvajal-Muñoz |
| author_sort | Juan Diego Vargas-Murcia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There is scarce information about ischemic stroke in young patients in Colombia. To get insights about this phenomenon, this study describes the etiologies and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young patients in a third level complexity referral hospital in Medellin, Colombia. Methods A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was carried out reviewing the medical records of patients between 18 to 49 years old admitted for the first time for ischemic stroke, from January 2009 to December 2019. The sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and etiological classification of ischemic stroke according to the Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) were described. Results Two hundred thirty-seven cases were found. The most frequent risk factors were arterial hypertension (31.7%), smoking (29.5%) and alcohol intake (23.2%). There was a greater number of traditional cardiovascular risk factors at older ages. The TOAST classification was large-artery atherosclerosis (6.8%), cardioembolism (17.7%), small-vessel disease (7.6%), other determined etiology (25.7%) and undetermined (42.2%). Within cardioembolism, the most common high-risk source was valve replacement, and the most common moderate-risk source was patent foramen ovale. Craniocervical arterial dissection (11.4%) and substance abuse (2.9%) were the two most frequent sources within other determined etiologies. The most common compromised vascular territory was the anterior (55.7%). Conclusions The high frequency of traditional risk factors in young patients highlights the need to optimize primary and secondary prevention plans. This study provides new insights about the relevance of illicit substance abuse in Colombia as a cause of stroke in young patients, unlike the previous one conducted in Bogotá. Infectious causes were other peculiarities found. It is necessary to investigate the reasons for the high proportion of undetermined causes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17c007b527614debb6da1949b4ed3952 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-17c007b527614debb6da1949b4ed39522022-12-22T03:48:06ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772022-09-012211910.1186/s12883-022-02895-9Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, ColombiaJuan Diego Vargas-Murcia0Sandra Patricia Isaza-Jaramillo1Dionis Magnary Vallejo-Mesa2Daniela Carvajal-Muñoz3Neurology Section, University of AntioquiaNeurology Section, University of AntioquiaNeurology Section, University of AntioquiaSchool of Medicine, University of AntioquiaAbstract Background There is scarce information about ischemic stroke in young patients in Colombia. To get insights about this phenomenon, this study describes the etiologies and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young patients in a third level complexity referral hospital in Medellin, Colombia. Methods A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was carried out reviewing the medical records of patients between 18 to 49 years old admitted for the first time for ischemic stroke, from January 2009 to December 2019. The sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and etiological classification of ischemic stroke according to the Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) were described. Results Two hundred thirty-seven cases were found. The most frequent risk factors were arterial hypertension (31.7%), smoking (29.5%) and alcohol intake (23.2%). There was a greater number of traditional cardiovascular risk factors at older ages. The TOAST classification was large-artery atherosclerosis (6.8%), cardioembolism (17.7%), small-vessel disease (7.6%), other determined etiology (25.7%) and undetermined (42.2%). Within cardioembolism, the most common high-risk source was valve replacement, and the most common moderate-risk source was patent foramen ovale. Craniocervical arterial dissection (11.4%) and substance abuse (2.9%) were the two most frequent sources within other determined etiologies. The most common compromised vascular territory was the anterior (55.7%). Conclusions The high frequency of traditional risk factors in young patients highlights the need to optimize primary and secondary prevention plans. This study provides new insights about the relevance of illicit substance abuse in Colombia as a cause of stroke in young patients, unlike the previous one conducted in Bogotá. Infectious causes were other peculiarities found. It is necessary to investigate the reasons for the high proportion of undetermined causes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02895-9StrokeYoung adultRisk factorsEtiologyColombia |
| spellingShingle | Juan Diego Vargas-Murcia Sandra Patricia Isaza-Jaramillo Dionis Magnary Vallejo-Mesa Daniela Carvajal-Muñoz Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia BMC Neurology Stroke Young adult Risk factors Etiology Colombia |
| title | Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia |
| title_full | Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia |
| title_fullStr | Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia |
| title_short | Ischemic stroke in young patients in Medellín, Colombia |
| title_sort | ischemic stroke in young patients in medellin colombia |
| topic | Stroke Young adult Risk factors Etiology Colombia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02895-9 |
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