Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil
Bovine vaccinia (BV), caused by Vaccinia virus (VACV), is a zoonotic disease characterized by exanthematous lesions on the teats of dairy cows and the hands of milkers, and is an important public health issue in Brazil and South America. BV also results in economic losses to the dairy industry, bein...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/5/511 |
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| author | Galileu Barbosa Costa Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira Michael B. Townsend William C. Carson Iara Apolinário Borges Andrea M. McCollum Erna Geessien Kroon Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar Mary G. Reynolds Yoshinori J. Nakazawa Giliane de Souza Trindade |
| author_facet | Galileu Barbosa Costa Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira Michael B. Townsend William C. Carson Iara Apolinário Borges Andrea M. McCollum Erna Geessien Kroon Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar Mary G. Reynolds Yoshinori J. Nakazawa Giliane de Souza Trindade |
| author_sort | Galileu Barbosa Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine vaccinia (BV), caused by Vaccinia virus (VACV), is a zoonotic disease characterized by exanthematous lesions on the teats of dairy cows and the hands of milkers, and is an important public health issue in Brazil and South America. BV also results in economic losses to the dairy industry, being a burden to the regions involved in milk production. In the past 20 years, much effort has been made to increase the knowledge regarding BV epidemiology, etiologic agents, and interactions with the hosts and the environment. In the present study, we evaluated milking practices that could be associated with VACV infections in an endemic area in Brazil and proposed an educational tool to help prevent VACV infections. In our survey, 124 individuals (51.7%) from a total of 240 had previously heard of BV, 94 of which knew about it through BV outbreaks. Although most individuals involved in dairy activities (<i>n</i> = 85/91) reported having good hygiene practices, only 29.7% used adequate disinfecting products to clean their hands and 39.5% disinfected cows’ teats before and after milking. Furthermore, 46.7% of individuals reported having contact with other farm and domestic animals besides dairy cattle. We also evaluated the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies in the surveyed population. Overall, 6.1% of likely unvaccinated individuals were positive for anti-<i>Orthopoxvirus</i> IgG antibodies, and 1.7% of all individuals were positive for IgM antibodies. Based on our findings, we proposed educational materials which target individuals with permanent residence in rural areas (mainly farmers and milkers), providing an overview and basic information about preventive measures against VACV infections that could enhance BV control and prevention efforts, especially for vulnerable populations located in endemic areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:02:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17c0b55614e84a98bffe38c1b9e6f909 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:02:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-17c0b55614e84a98bffe38c1b9e6f9092023-11-21T16:48:11ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-04-0110551110.3390/pathogens10050511Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in BrazilGalileu Barbosa Costa0Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira1Michael B. Townsend2William C. Carson3Iara Apolinário Borges4Andrea M. McCollum5Erna Geessien Kroon6Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar7Mary G. Reynolds8Yoshinori J. Nakazawa9Giliane de Souza Trindade10Departamento de Análise em Saúde e Vigilância de Doenças não Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília 70723-040, BrazilLaboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, BrazilPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USALaboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, BrazilPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USALaboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, BrazilPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USALaboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, BrazilBovine vaccinia (BV), caused by Vaccinia virus (VACV), is a zoonotic disease characterized by exanthematous lesions on the teats of dairy cows and the hands of milkers, and is an important public health issue in Brazil and South America. BV also results in economic losses to the dairy industry, being a burden to the regions involved in milk production. In the past 20 years, much effort has been made to increase the knowledge regarding BV epidemiology, etiologic agents, and interactions with the hosts and the environment. In the present study, we evaluated milking practices that could be associated with VACV infections in an endemic area in Brazil and proposed an educational tool to help prevent VACV infections. In our survey, 124 individuals (51.7%) from a total of 240 had previously heard of BV, 94 of which knew about it through BV outbreaks. Although most individuals involved in dairy activities (<i>n</i> = 85/91) reported having good hygiene practices, only 29.7% used adequate disinfecting products to clean their hands and 39.5% disinfected cows’ teats before and after milking. Furthermore, 46.7% of individuals reported having contact with other farm and domestic animals besides dairy cattle. We also evaluated the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies in the surveyed population. Overall, 6.1% of likely unvaccinated individuals were positive for anti-<i>Orthopoxvirus</i> IgG antibodies, and 1.7% of all individuals were positive for IgM antibodies. Based on our findings, we proposed educational materials which target individuals with permanent residence in rural areas (mainly farmers and milkers), providing an overview and basic information about preventive measures against VACV infections that could enhance BV control and prevention efforts, especially for vulnerable populations located in endemic areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/5/511Vaccinia virusbovine vacciniadairy practicespublic healthpreventioneducational |
| spellingShingle | Galileu Barbosa Costa Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira Michael B. Townsend William C. Carson Iara Apolinário Borges Andrea M. McCollum Erna Geessien Kroon Panayampalli Subbian Satheshkumar Mary G. Reynolds Yoshinori J. Nakazawa Giliane de Souza Trindade Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil Pathogens Vaccinia virus bovine vaccinia dairy practices public health prevention educational |
| title | Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil |
| title_full | Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil |
| title_short | Educational Approach to Prevent the Burden of Vaccinia Virus Infections in a Bovine Vaccinia Endemic Area in Brazil |
| title_sort | educational approach to prevent the burden of vaccinia virus infections in a bovine vaccinia endemic area in brazil |
| topic | Vaccinia virus bovine vaccinia dairy practices public health prevention educational |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/5/511 |
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