Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation
Deficiency of folates can cause various health problems, and germination is a potential way to enrich folates in grain-based food materials. In the present study, the effects of six amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and <i>p</i>-aminobenzoi...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6868 |
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| author | Chong Xie Pei Wang Jianwei Chang Qiaoe Wang Yongbin Han Runqiang Yang |
| author_facet | Chong Xie Pei Wang Jianwei Chang Qiaoe Wang Yongbin Han Runqiang Yang |
| author_sort | Chong Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deficiency of folates can cause various health problems, and germination is a potential way to enrich folates in grain-based food materials. In the present study, the effects of six amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid) on folate accumulation during wheat germination under red light radiation were investigated, and an optimized combination of amino acids for promoting folate enrichment was established. The results showed that applying phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, or <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid to wheat seedlings during germination can significantly increase the content of total folates through activating the synthesis of the precursors for folate synthesis (pterin and <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid) or condensation of these two moieties. Meanwhile, up-regulation of corresponding genes was observed by measuring their expressions to investigate the mechanism for promoting the accumulation of folates. The highest content of folates (ca. 417 µg/100 g DW) was observed when the germinated wheat was cultured with a mixture of 1.5 mM phenylalanine, 0.5 mM tyrosine, 0.5 mM tryptophan, 0.75 mM <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid, and 0.5 mM glutamic acid, which was 50% higher than the control seedlings. This study established a promising and practical approach to enhance the accumulation of folates in wheat seedlings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:05Z |
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| id | doaj.art-17d1c5dd886740fab621c310f3b7f9b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-17d1c5dd886740fab621c310f3b7f9b52023-11-24T01:32:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012720686810.3390/molecules27206868Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light RadiationChong Xie0Pei Wang1Jianwei Chang2Qiaoe Wang3Yongbin Han4Runqiang Yang5College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDeficiency of folates can cause various health problems, and germination is a potential way to enrich folates in grain-based food materials. In the present study, the effects of six amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid) on folate accumulation during wheat germination under red light radiation were investigated, and an optimized combination of amino acids for promoting folate enrichment was established. The results showed that applying phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, or <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid to wheat seedlings during germination can significantly increase the content of total folates through activating the synthesis of the precursors for folate synthesis (pterin and <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid) or condensation of these two moieties. Meanwhile, up-regulation of corresponding genes was observed by measuring their expressions to investigate the mechanism for promoting the accumulation of folates. The highest content of folates (ca. 417 µg/100 g DW) was observed when the germinated wheat was cultured with a mixture of 1.5 mM phenylalanine, 0.5 mM tyrosine, 0.5 mM tryptophan, 0.75 mM <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid, and 0.5 mM glutamic acid, which was 50% higher than the control seedlings. This study established a promising and practical approach to enhance the accumulation of folates in wheat seedlings.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6868wheat seedlingsamino acidsfolateenrichment |
| spellingShingle | Chong Xie Pei Wang Jianwei Chang Qiaoe Wang Yongbin Han Runqiang Yang Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation Molecules wheat seedlings amino acids folate enrichment |
| title | Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation |
| title_full | Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation |
| title_short | Effect of Amino Acids on Folates Accumulation in Wheat Seedlings during Germination under Red Light Radiation |
| title_sort | effect of amino acids on folates accumulation in wheat seedlings during germination under red light radiation |
| topic | wheat seedlings amino acids folate enrichment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6868 |
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