miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview

Fracture healing is a complex, dynamic process that is directed by cellular communication and requires multiple cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. Physiological fracture healing can be divided into several phases that consist of different processes, such as angiogenesis,...

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Main Authors: Rald V. M. Groven, Johan van Koll, Martijn Poeze, Taco J. Blokhuis, Martijn van Griensven
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.786564/full
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author Rald V. M. Groven
Rald V. M. Groven
Johan van Koll
Martijn Poeze
Taco J. Blokhuis
Martijn van Griensven
author_facet Rald V. M. Groven
Rald V. M. Groven
Johan van Koll
Martijn Poeze
Taco J. Blokhuis
Martijn van Griensven
author_sort Rald V. M. Groven
collection DOAJ
description Fracture healing is a complex, dynamic process that is directed by cellular communication and requires multiple cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. Physiological fracture healing can be divided into several phases that consist of different processes, such as angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone resorption/remodelling. This is needed to guarantee proper bone regeneration after fracture. Communication and molecular regulation between different cell types and within cells is therefore key in successfully orchestrating these processes to ensure adequate bone healing. Among others, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cellular communication. microRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules of ~22 nucleotides long that can greatly influence gene expression by post-transcriptional regulation. Over the course of the past decade, more insights have been gained in the field of miRNAs and their role in cellular signalling in both inter- and intracellular pathways. The interplay between miRNAs and their mRNA targets, and the effect thereof on different processes and aspects within fracture healing, have shown to be interesting research topics with possible future diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Considering bone regeneration, research moreover focusses on specific microRNAs and their involvement in individual pathways. However, it is required to combine these data to gain more understanding on the effects of miRNAs in the dynamic process of fracture healing, and to enhance their translational application in research, as well as in the clinic. Therefore, this review aims to provide an integrative overview on miRNAs in fracture healing, related to several key aspects in the fracture healing cascade. A special focus will be put on hypoxia, angiogenesis, bone resorption, osteoclastogenesis, mineralization, osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, osteocytogenesis, and chondrogenesis.
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spelling doaj.art-17e5d2899e044126bf3fa542fa1f16462022-12-21T20:46:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2021-11-01810.3389/fsurg.2021.786564786564miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative OverviewRald V. M. Groven0Rald V. M. Groven1Johan van Koll2Martijn Poeze3Taco J. Blokhuis4Martijn van Griensven5Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsDivision of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsDivision of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsDivision of Traumasurgery, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsFracture healing is a complex, dynamic process that is directed by cellular communication and requires multiple cell types, such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. Physiological fracture healing can be divided into several phases that consist of different processes, such as angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone resorption/remodelling. This is needed to guarantee proper bone regeneration after fracture. Communication and molecular regulation between different cell types and within cells is therefore key in successfully orchestrating these processes to ensure adequate bone healing. Among others, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cellular communication. microRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules of ~22 nucleotides long that can greatly influence gene expression by post-transcriptional regulation. Over the course of the past decade, more insights have been gained in the field of miRNAs and their role in cellular signalling in both inter- and intracellular pathways. The interplay between miRNAs and their mRNA targets, and the effect thereof on different processes and aspects within fracture healing, have shown to be interesting research topics with possible future diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Considering bone regeneration, research moreover focusses on specific microRNAs and their involvement in individual pathways. However, it is required to combine these data to gain more understanding on the effects of miRNAs in the dynamic process of fracture healing, and to enhance their translational application in research, as well as in the clinic. Therefore, this review aims to provide an integrative overview on miRNAs in fracture healing, related to several key aspects in the fracture healing cascade. A special focus will be put on hypoxia, angiogenesis, bone resorption, osteoclastogenesis, mineralization, osteogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, osteocytogenesis, and chondrogenesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.786564/fullmiRNAsfracture healingbone regenerationosteogenic differentiationangiogenesishypoxia
spellingShingle Rald V. M. Groven
Rald V. M. Groven
Johan van Koll
Martijn Poeze
Taco J. Blokhuis
Martijn van Griensven
miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview
Frontiers in Surgery
miRNAs
fracture healing
bone regeneration
osteogenic differentiation
angiogenesis
hypoxia
title miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview
title_full miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview
title_fullStr miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview
title_full_unstemmed miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview
title_short miRNAs Related to Different Processes of Fracture Healing: An Integrative Overview
title_sort mirnas related to different processes of fracture healing an integrative overview
topic miRNAs
fracture healing
bone regeneration
osteogenic differentiation
angiogenesis
hypoxia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2021.786564/full
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AT martijnpoeze mirnasrelatedtodifferentprocessesoffracturehealinganintegrativeoverview
AT tacojblokhuis mirnasrelatedtodifferentprocessesoffracturehealinganintegrativeoverview
AT martijnvangriensven mirnasrelatedtodifferentprocessesoffracturehealinganintegrativeoverview