Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures
The interferon-induced double-stranded (ds)RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) limits viral replication by an eIF2α-mediated block of translation. Although many negative-strand RNA viruses activate PKR, the responsible RNAs have long remained elusive, as dsRNA, the canonical activator of PKR, has not...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2009-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/1/3/523/ |
| _version_ | 1831768830101159936 |
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| author | Bianca Dauber Thorsten Wolff |
| author_facet | Bianca Dauber Thorsten Wolff |
| author_sort | Bianca Dauber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interferon-induced double-stranded (ds)RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) limits viral replication by an eIF2α-mediated block of translation. Although many negative-strand RNA viruses activate PKR, the responsible RNAs have long remained elusive, as dsRNA, the canonical activator of PKR, has not been detected in cells infected with such viruses. In this review we focus on the activating RNA molecules of different virus families, in particular the negative-strand RNA viruses. We discuss the recently identified non-canonical activators 5’-triphosphate RNA and the vRNP of influenza virus and give an update on strategies of selected RNA and DNA viruses to prevent activation of PKR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T07:08:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17ec7389559e42bfbc350ed6d66d9bc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T07:08:35Z |
| publishDate | 2009-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-17ec7389559e42bfbc350ed6d66d9bc32022-12-21T18:34:35ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152009-10-011352354410.3390/v1030523Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral CountermeasuresBianca DauberThorsten WolffThe interferon-induced double-stranded (ds)RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) limits viral replication by an eIF2α-mediated block of translation. Although many negative-strand RNA viruses activate PKR, the responsible RNAs have long remained elusive, as dsRNA, the canonical activator of PKR, has not been detected in cells infected with such viruses. In this review we focus on the activating RNA molecules of different virus families, in particular the negative-strand RNA viruses. We discuss the recently identified non-canonical activators 5’-triphosphate RNA and the vRNP of influenza virus and give an update on strategies of selected RNA and DNA viruses to prevent activation of PKR.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/1/3/523/PKRvirusdsRNAinnate immunityimmune evasion |
| spellingShingle | Bianca Dauber Thorsten Wolff Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures Viruses PKR virus dsRNA innate immunity immune evasion |
| title | Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures |
| title_full | Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures |
| title_fullStr | Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures |
| title_short | Activation of the Antiviral Kinase PKR and Viral Countermeasures |
| title_sort | activation of the antiviral kinase pkr and viral countermeasures |
| topic | PKR virus dsRNA innate immunity immune evasion |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/1/3/523/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT biancadauber activationoftheantiviralkinasepkrandviralcountermeasures AT thorstenwolff activationoftheantiviralkinasepkrandviralcountermeasures |