Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution
Rare earth elements, such as yttrium, scandium, neodymium, and praseodymium, have been reported to be associated with minerals in bauxite and transferred to the refining residue when bauxite is refined to alumina (Al2O3) by Bayer Process. In terms of price, scandium is the most valuable rare-earth e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023018595 |
| _version_ | 1797851692050415616 |
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| author | M.R. Kanekaputra M.Z. Mubarok |
| author_facet | M.R. Kanekaputra M.Z. Mubarok |
| author_sort | M.R. Kanekaputra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rare earth elements, such as yttrium, scandium, neodymium, and praseodymium, have been reported to be associated with minerals in bauxite and transferred to the refining residue when bauxite is refined to alumina (Al2O3) by Bayer Process. In terms of price, scandium is the most valuable rare-earth element in bauxite residue. This research discusses the effectiveness of scandium extraction from the bauxite residue through pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution. The method was selected to obtain high scandium recovery and leaching selectivity to iron and aluminium. Series of leaching experiments were conducted under variations of H2SO4 concentration (0.5–1.5 M), leaching duration (1–4 h), leaching temperature (200–240 °C), and slurry density (10–30% (w/w)). Taguchi method with L9:34 orthogonal array was adopted to design the experiments. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the most influential variables of the extracted scandium. The experimental result and statistical analysis revealed that the optimum condition for scandium extraction was at 1.5 M H2SO4, a leaching duration of 1 h, a temperature of 200 °C, and a slurry density of 30% (w/w). The leaching experiment carried out at this optimum condition resulted in scandium extraction of 90.97% and co-extracted iron and aluminium of 32.44% and 75.23%, respectively. Analysis of Variance showed that solid/liquid ratio was the most influential variable with a contribution of 62%, followed by acid concentration (21.2%), temperature (16.4%), and leaching duration (0.3%). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:21:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17ec9c0514a649e8bcc738a505673aa6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:21:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-17ec9c0514a649e8bcc738a505673aa62023-04-05T08:27:36ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-03-0193e14652Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solutionM.R. Kanekaputra0M.Z. Mubarok1Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaCorresponding author.; Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaRare earth elements, such as yttrium, scandium, neodymium, and praseodymium, have been reported to be associated with minerals in bauxite and transferred to the refining residue when bauxite is refined to alumina (Al2O3) by Bayer Process. In terms of price, scandium is the most valuable rare-earth element in bauxite residue. This research discusses the effectiveness of scandium extraction from the bauxite residue through pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution. The method was selected to obtain high scandium recovery and leaching selectivity to iron and aluminium. Series of leaching experiments were conducted under variations of H2SO4 concentration (0.5–1.5 M), leaching duration (1–4 h), leaching temperature (200–240 °C), and slurry density (10–30% (w/w)). Taguchi method with L9:34 orthogonal array was adopted to design the experiments. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the most influential variables of the extracted scandium. The experimental result and statistical analysis revealed that the optimum condition for scandium extraction was at 1.5 M H2SO4, a leaching duration of 1 h, a temperature of 200 °C, and a slurry density of 30% (w/w). The leaching experiment carried out at this optimum condition resulted in scandium extraction of 90.97% and co-extracted iron and aluminium of 32.44% and 75.23%, respectively. Analysis of Variance showed that solid/liquid ratio was the most influential variable with a contribution of 62%, followed by acid concentration (21.2%), temperature (16.4%), and leaching duration (0.3%).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023018595Bauxite residueScandiumHigh-pressure acid leachingExtractionTaguchi method |
| spellingShingle | M.R. Kanekaputra M.Z. Mubarok Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution Heliyon Bauxite residue Scandium High-pressure acid leaching Extraction Taguchi method |
| title | Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution |
| title_full | Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution |
| title_short | Extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high-pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution |
| title_sort | extraction of scandium from bauxite residue by high pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution |
| topic | Bauxite residue Scandium High-pressure acid leaching Extraction Taguchi method |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023018595 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mrkanekaputra extractionofscandiumfrombauxiteresiduebyhighpressureleachinginsulfuricacidsolution AT mzmubarok extractionofscandiumfrombauxiteresiduebyhighpressureleachinginsulfuricacidsolution |