The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study
D-dimer and prothrombin fragment (F1+2) levels are elevated in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We examined their prognostic potential in predicting decreasing ABI and major adverse limb events (MALE). A total of 206 patients were recruited from St. Michael’s Hospital and followed for...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/878 |
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| author | Sara Arfan Abdelrahman Zamzam Muzammil H. Syed Shubha Jain Niousha Jahanpour Rawand Abdin Mohammad Qadura |
| author_facet | Sara Arfan Abdelrahman Zamzam Muzammil H. Syed Shubha Jain Niousha Jahanpour Rawand Abdin Mohammad Qadura |
| author_sort | Sara Arfan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | D-dimer and prothrombin fragment (F1+2) levels are elevated in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We examined their prognostic potential in predicting decreasing ABI and major adverse limb events (MALE). A total of 206 patients were recruited from St. Michael’s Hospital and followed for two years. Baseline plasma concentrations of D-dimer and F1+2 were recorded. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between the biomarkers and ABI at year 2. During follow-up, multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to investigate their role in predicting decreasing ABI (defined as change in ABI > −0.15) and MALE (defined as the need for arterial intervention or major limb amputation). Cumulative survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Baseline D-dimer and F1+2 levels were elevated in PAD patients (median (IQR) 1.34 (0.80–2.20) for D-dimer and 3.60 (2.30–4.74) for F1+2; <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to non-PAD controls (median (IQR) 0.69 (0.29–1.20) for D-dimer and 1.84 (1.17–3.09) for F1+2; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Both markers were negatively correlated with ABI at year 2 (r = −0.231 for D-dimer, r = −0.49 for F1+2; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Cox analysis demonstrated F1+2 and D-dimer to be independent predictors of PAD status (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.15–1.54; <i>p</i> = 0.013 for D-dimer and HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.14–1.58; <i>p</i> = 0.019 for F1+2). Elevated baseline concentrations of D-dimer and F1+2 were associated with high incidence of decreasing ABI and 1- and 2-year event-free survival (62% and 86%, respectively). Combined analysis of D-dimer and F1+2 provides important prognostic information that facilitates risk stratification for future disease progression and MALE outcomes in patients with PAD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:06:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17f41c57a02440d180d4e7443da57f17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:06:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-17f41c57a02440d180d4e7443da57f172023-12-01T00:54:45ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-04-0110487810.3390/biomedicines10040878The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective StudySara Arfan0Abdelrahman Zamzam1Muzammil H. Syed2Shubha Jain3Niousha Jahanpour4Rawand Abdin5Mohammad Qadura6Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaD-dimer and prothrombin fragment (F1+2) levels are elevated in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We examined their prognostic potential in predicting decreasing ABI and major adverse limb events (MALE). A total of 206 patients were recruited from St. Michael’s Hospital and followed for two years. Baseline plasma concentrations of D-dimer and F1+2 were recorded. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between the biomarkers and ABI at year 2. During follow-up, multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to investigate their role in predicting decreasing ABI (defined as change in ABI > −0.15) and MALE (defined as the need for arterial intervention or major limb amputation). Cumulative survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Baseline D-dimer and F1+2 levels were elevated in PAD patients (median (IQR) 1.34 (0.80–2.20) for D-dimer and 3.60 (2.30–4.74) for F1+2; <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to non-PAD controls (median (IQR) 0.69 (0.29–1.20) for D-dimer and 1.84 (1.17–3.09) for F1+2; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Both markers were negatively correlated with ABI at year 2 (r = −0.231 for D-dimer, r = −0.49 for F1+2; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Cox analysis demonstrated F1+2 and D-dimer to be independent predictors of PAD status (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.15–1.54; <i>p</i> = 0.013 for D-dimer and HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.14–1.58; <i>p</i> = 0.019 for F1+2). Elevated baseline concentrations of D-dimer and F1+2 were associated with high incidence of decreasing ABI and 1- and 2-year event-free survival (62% and 86%, respectively). Combined analysis of D-dimer and F1+2 provides important prognostic information that facilitates risk stratification for future disease progression and MALE outcomes in patients with PAD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/878atherosclerosisbiomarkersfibrinolysisperipheral arterial diseasethrombosis |
| spellingShingle | Sara Arfan Abdelrahman Zamzam Muzammil H. Syed Shubha Jain Niousha Jahanpour Rawand Abdin Mohammad Qadura The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study Biomedicines atherosclerosis biomarkers fibrinolysis peripheral arterial disease thrombosis |
| title | The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study |
| title_full | The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study |
| title_fullStr | The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study |
| title_short | The Clinical Utility of D-Dimer and Prothrombin Fragment (F1+2) for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Prospective Study |
| title_sort | clinical utility of d dimer and prothrombin fragment f1 2 for peripheral artery disease a prospective study |
| topic | atherosclerosis biomarkers fibrinolysis peripheral arterial disease thrombosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/878 |
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