In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil
Viral infections are spread all around the world. Although there are available therapies, their safety and effectiveness are constrained by their adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, new natural antivirals have been used such as essential oils, which are natural products with promising bi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2421 |
| _version_ | 1797609898751557632 |
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| author | Manal Jameel Kiki |
| author_facet | Manal Jameel Kiki |
| author_sort | Manal Jameel Kiki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral infections are spread all around the world. Although there are available therapies, their safety and effectiveness are constrained by their adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, new natural antivirals have been used such as essential oils, which are natural products with promising biological activity. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the components of clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) essential oil (EOCa) and verify its antioxidant and antiviral activity. The oil was analyzed using GC/MS, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated as a function of the radical scavenging activity. A plaque reduction test was used to measure the antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and an adenovirus. GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of eugenol as the main component (76.78%). Moreover, EOCa had powerful antioxidant activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 50 µg/mL. The highest antiviral potential was found against HAV, with a selectivity index (SI) of 14.46, while showing poor selectivity toward HSV-1 with an SI value of 1.44. However, no relevant effect was detected against the adenovirus. The antiviral activity against HAV revealed that its effect was not related to host cytotoxicity. The findings imply that EOCa can be utilized to treat diseases caused by infections and free radicals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17fafcfef7ba4cadb25c022211d61557 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:08:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-17fafcfef7ba4cadb25c022211d615572023-11-17T12:50:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-03-01286242110.3390/molecules28062421In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential OilManal Jameel Kiki0The University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah 23218, Saudi ArabiaViral infections are spread all around the world. Although there are available therapies, their safety and effectiveness are constrained by their adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, new natural antivirals have been used such as essential oils, which are natural products with promising biological activity. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the components of clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) essential oil (EOCa) and verify its antioxidant and antiviral activity. The oil was analyzed using GC/MS, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated as a function of the radical scavenging activity. A plaque reduction test was used to measure the antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and an adenovirus. GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of eugenol as the main component (76.78%). Moreover, EOCa had powerful antioxidant activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 50 µg/mL. The highest antiviral potential was found against HAV, with a selectivity index (SI) of 14.46, while showing poor selectivity toward HSV-1 with an SI value of 1.44. However, no relevant effect was detected against the adenovirus. The antiviral activity against HAV revealed that its effect was not related to host cytotoxicity. The findings imply that EOCa can be utilized to treat diseases caused by infections and free radicals.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2421antiviralantioxidantcytotoxicitycloveessential oil<i>Syzigium aromaticum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Manal Jameel Kiki In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil Molecules antiviral antioxidant cytotoxicity clove essential oil <i>Syzigium aromaticum</i> |
| title | In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil |
| title_full | In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil |
| title_short | In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>) Essential Oil |
| title_sort | in vitro antiviral potential antioxidant and chemical composition of clove i syzygium aromaticum i essential oil |
| topic | antiviral antioxidant cytotoxicity clove essential oil <i>Syzigium aromaticum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2421 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manaljameelkiki invitroantiviralpotentialantioxidantandchemicalcompositionofcloveisyzygiumaromaticumiessentialoil |