Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine
The negative effects of viruses and the positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on grapevine performance are well reported, in contrast to the knowledge about their interactive effects in perennial plants, e.g., in grapevine. To elucidate the physiological consequences of grapevine–AM...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1783 |
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| author | Emanuel Gaši Tomislav Radić Mate Čarija Giorgio Gambino Raffaella Balestrini Katarina Hančević |
| author_facet | Emanuel Gaši Tomislav Radić Mate Čarija Giorgio Gambino Raffaella Balestrini Katarina Hančević |
| author_sort | Emanuel Gaši |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The negative effects of viruses and the positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on grapevine performance are well reported, in contrast to the knowledge about their interactive effects in perennial plants, e.g., in grapevine. To elucidate the physiological consequences of grapevine–AMF–virus interactions, two different AMF inoculum (<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and ‘Mix AMF’) were used on grapevine infected with grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus, grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 and/or grapevine pinot gris virus. Net photosynthesis rate (A<sub>N</sub>), leaf transpiration (E), intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (C<sub>i</sub>) and conductance to H<sub>2</sub>O (g<sub>s</sub>) were measured at three time points during one growing season. Furthermore, quantum efficiency in light (Φ<sub>PSII</sub>) and electron transport rate (ETR) were surveyed in leaves of different maturity, old (basal), mature (middle) and young (apical) leaf. Lastly, pigment concentration and growth parameters were analysed. Virus induced changes in grapevine were minimal in this early infection stage. However, the AMF induced changes of grapevine facing biotic stress were most evident in higher net photosynthesis rate, conductance to H<sub>2</sub>O, chlorophyll a concentration, total carotenoid concentration and dry matter content. The AMF presence in the grapevine roots seem to prevail over virus infection, with <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> inducing greater photosynthesis changes in solitary form rather than mixture. This study shows that AMF can be beneficial for grapevine facing viral infection, in the context of functional physiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:09:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-17fb537c44be4151ae9094d35a43b03b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:09:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-17fb537c44be4151ae9094d35a43b03b2023-11-17T23:31:40ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-04-01129178310.3390/plants12091783Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected GrapevineEmanuel Gaši0Tomislav Radić1Mate Čarija2Giorgio Gambino3Raffaella Balestrini4Katarina Hančević5Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaThe negative effects of viruses and the positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on grapevine performance are well reported, in contrast to the knowledge about their interactive effects in perennial plants, e.g., in grapevine. To elucidate the physiological consequences of grapevine–AMF–virus interactions, two different AMF inoculum (<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and ‘Mix AMF’) were used on grapevine infected with grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus, grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 and/or grapevine pinot gris virus. Net photosynthesis rate (A<sub>N</sub>), leaf transpiration (E), intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (C<sub>i</sub>) and conductance to H<sub>2</sub>O (g<sub>s</sub>) were measured at three time points during one growing season. Furthermore, quantum efficiency in light (Φ<sub>PSII</sub>) and electron transport rate (ETR) were surveyed in leaves of different maturity, old (basal), mature (middle) and young (apical) leaf. Lastly, pigment concentration and growth parameters were analysed. Virus induced changes in grapevine were minimal in this early infection stage. However, the AMF induced changes of grapevine facing biotic stress were most evident in higher net photosynthesis rate, conductance to H<sub>2</sub>O, chlorophyll a concentration, total carotenoid concentration and dry matter content. The AMF presence in the grapevine roots seem to prevail over virus infection, with <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> inducing greater photosynthesis changes in solitary form rather than mixture. This study shows that AMF can be beneficial for grapevine facing viral infection, in the context of functional physiology.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1783GRSPaV<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i><i>Funneliformis mosseae</i><i>Funneliformis caledonium</i>GLRaV-3GPGV |
| spellingShingle | Emanuel Gaši Tomislav Radić Mate Čarija Giorgio Gambino Raffaella Balestrini Katarina Hančević Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine Plants GRSPaV <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> <i>Funneliformis caledonium</i> GLRaV-3 GPGV |
| title | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine |
| title_full | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine |
| title_fullStr | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine |
| title_short | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters in Virus Infected Grapevine |
| title_sort | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induce changes of photosynthesis related parameters in virus infected grapevine |
| topic | GRSPaV <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> <i>Funneliformis caledonium</i> GLRaV-3 GPGV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1783 |
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