Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that affects up to 10% of the population worldwide. CRS is the most representative disease of the upper respiratory tract where airway remodeling occurs, including epithelial damage, thickening o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/910 |
| _version_ | 1797410134755901440 |
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| author | Kijeong Lee Junhu Tai Sang Hag Lee Tae Hoon Kim |
| author_facet | Kijeong Lee Junhu Tai Sang Hag Lee Tae Hoon Kim |
| author_sort | Kijeong Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that affects up to 10% of the population worldwide. CRS is the most representative disease of the upper respiratory tract where airway remodeling occurs, including epithelial damage, thickening of the basement membrane, fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial edema, and osteitis. CRS is divided into two phenotypes according to the presence or absence of nasal polyps: CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Based on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism, CRS is also classified as eosinophilic CRS and non-eosinophilic CRS, owing to Type 2 T helper (Th2)-based inflammation and Type 1 T helper (Th1)/Type 17 T helper (Th17) skewed immune response, respectively. Differences in tissue remodeling in CRS are suggested to be based on the clinical phenotype and endotypes; this is because fibrosis is prominent in CRSsNP, whereas edematous changes occur in CRSwNP, especially in the eosinophilic type. This review aims to summarize the latest information on the different mechanisms of airway remodeling in CRS according to distinct endotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:25:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18033cac5d894cc28559e992f21526c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:25:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-18033cac5d894cc28559e992f21526c92023-12-03T13:40:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122291010.3390/ijms22020910Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A ReviewKijeong Lee0Junhu Tai1Sang Hag Lee2Tae Hoon Kim3Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that affects up to 10% of the population worldwide. CRS is the most representative disease of the upper respiratory tract where airway remodeling occurs, including epithelial damage, thickening of the basement membrane, fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial edema, and osteitis. CRS is divided into two phenotypes according to the presence or absence of nasal polyps: CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Based on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism, CRS is also classified as eosinophilic CRS and non-eosinophilic CRS, owing to Type 2 T helper (Th2)-based inflammation and Type 1 T helper (Th1)/Type 17 T helper (Th17) skewed immune response, respectively. Differences in tissue remodeling in CRS are suggested to be based on the clinical phenotype and endotypes; this is because fibrosis is prominent in CRSsNP, whereas edematous changes occur in CRSwNP, especially in the eosinophilic type. This review aims to summarize the latest information on the different mechanisms of airway remodeling in CRS according to distinct endotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/910chronic rhinosinusitistissue remodelingendotypesairway remodeling |
| spellingShingle | Kijeong Lee Junhu Tai Sang Hag Lee Tae Hoon Kim Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences chronic rhinosinusitis tissue remodeling endotypes airway remodeling |
| title | Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review |
| title_full | Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review |
| title_short | Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review |
| title_sort | advances in the knowledge of the underlying airway remodeling mechanisms in chronic rhinosinusitis based on the endotypes a review |
| topic | chronic rhinosinusitis tissue remodeling endotypes airway remodeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/910 |
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