Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of excess boron (B) on the nutrient uptake, growth, and physiological performance of grapevines. Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevines, either own-rooted or grafted onto 1103P and 101-14 Mgt rootstocks, were exposed in a hydroponic pot experiment to 0.5...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/508 |
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| author | Kleopatra-Eleni Nikolaou Theocharis Chatzistathis Serafeim Theocharis Anagnostis Argiriou Stefanos Koundouras |
| author_facet | Kleopatra-Eleni Nikolaou Theocharis Chatzistathis Serafeim Theocharis Anagnostis Argiriou Stefanos Koundouras |
| author_sort | Kleopatra-Eleni Nikolaou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of excess boron (B) on the nutrient uptake, growth, and physiological performance of grapevines. Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevines, either own-rooted or grafted onto 1103P and 101-14 Mgt rootstocks, were exposed in a hydroponic pot experiment to 0.5 mM boron for sixty days. Twenty-five days following the beginning of B treatment, the first symptoms of boron toxicity appeared, including leaf edge and margin yellowing, subsequent necrosis, and cupping of leaf blades. At harvest, sixty days after the start of the experiment, B concentration of the treated vines increased in all parts of the vine in the following order: Leaves > Roots > Trunks > Shoots. Leaf Boron concentration in treated vines ranged from 980.67 to 1064.37 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> d.w. Boron excess significantly reduced the concentrations of all macro and micronutrients studied in this experiment. The total leaf chlorophyll (Chl) concentration decreased from 35.46 to 44.45%, thirty and sixty days, respectively, from the beginning of the boron treatments. In addition, an excess amount of boron resulted in a dramatic decrease in net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate, stem water potential, and PSII maximum quantum yield, irrespective of vine type (own-rooted or grafted). At the end of the experimental period, the total leaf phenolic content increased by 71.73% in Merlot and by 71.16% in Cabernet Franc due to Boron stress. The tressed vines grafted onto 1103P showed increased shoot and root dry weights, leaf chlorophyll content, CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rates, and F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> ratio compared to vines grafted onto 101-14 Mgt. It was found that rootstocks play an important role in B toxicity. The results showed that the leaf accumulation of boron was delayed to a greater extent by 1103P rootstock compared to 101-14 Mgt, resulting in the earlier appearance of leaf toxicity symptoms in vines grafted onto 101-14 Mgt rootstock compared to 1103P. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-180fd326feb04e3faeae3eec470cf905 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:45Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-180fd326feb04e3faeae3eec470cf9052023-11-17T19:29:45ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-04-019450810.3390/horticulturae9040508Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of BoronKleopatra-Eleni Nikolaou0Theocharis Chatzistathis1Serafeim Theocharis2Anagnostis Argiriou3Stefanos Koundouras4School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceHellenic Agricultural Organization (H.A.O.) ‘Demeter’, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, 57001 Thessaloniki, GreeceSchool of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceInstitute of Applied Bioscience, 6th Km Charilaou–Thermi Road, 60361 Thessaloniki, GreeceSchool of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceThe aim of this study is to analyze the effect of excess boron (B) on the nutrient uptake, growth, and physiological performance of grapevines. Merlot and Cabernet Franc grapevines, either own-rooted or grafted onto 1103P and 101-14 Mgt rootstocks, were exposed in a hydroponic pot experiment to 0.5 mM boron for sixty days. Twenty-five days following the beginning of B treatment, the first symptoms of boron toxicity appeared, including leaf edge and margin yellowing, subsequent necrosis, and cupping of leaf blades. At harvest, sixty days after the start of the experiment, B concentration of the treated vines increased in all parts of the vine in the following order: Leaves > Roots > Trunks > Shoots. Leaf Boron concentration in treated vines ranged from 980.67 to 1064.37 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> d.w. Boron excess significantly reduced the concentrations of all macro and micronutrients studied in this experiment. The total leaf chlorophyll (Chl) concentration decreased from 35.46 to 44.45%, thirty and sixty days, respectively, from the beginning of the boron treatments. In addition, an excess amount of boron resulted in a dramatic decrease in net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate, stem water potential, and PSII maximum quantum yield, irrespective of vine type (own-rooted or grafted). At the end of the experimental period, the total leaf phenolic content increased by 71.73% in Merlot and by 71.16% in Cabernet Franc due to Boron stress. The tressed vines grafted onto 1103P showed increased shoot and root dry weights, leaf chlorophyll content, CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rates, and F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> ratio compared to vines grafted onto 101-14 Mgt. It was found that rootstocks play an important role in B toxicity. The results showed that the leaf accumulation of boron was delayed to a greater extent by 1103P rootstock compared to 101-14 Mgt, resulting in the earlier appearance of leaf toxicity symptoms in vines grafted onto 101-14 Mgt rootstock compared to 1103P.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/508grapevineboron toxicityrootstocksion concentrationCO<sub>2</sub> assimilationstem water potential |
| spellingShingle | Kleopatra-Eleni Nikolaou Theocharis Chatzistathis Serafeim Theocharis Anagnostis Argiriou Stefanos Koundouras Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron Horticulturae grapevine boron toxicity rootstocks ion concentration CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation stem water potential |
| title | Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron |
| title_full | Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron |
| title_short | Physiological and Nutritional Responses of Ungrafted Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon Vines or Grafted to 101-14 Mgt and 1103P Rootstocks Exposed to an Excess of Boron |
| title_sort | physiological and nutritional responses of ungrafted merlot and cabernet sauvignon vines or grafted to 101 14 mgt and 1103p rootstocks exposed to an excess of boron |
| topic | grapevine boron toxicity rootstocks ion concentration CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation stem water potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/508 |
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