Genetics of aging and longevity
Lifespan is a complex quantitative characteristic that makes a significant contribution to the Darwinian adaptiveness. The disclosure of the genetic structure of longevity is a fundamental problem of the evolution of ontogeny, evolutionary genetics and molecular gerontology. Under optimal conditions...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
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| Online Access: | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/695 |
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| author | A. A. Moskalev E. N. Proshkina A. A. Belyi I. A. Solovyev |
| author_facet | A. A. Moskalev E. N. Proshkina A. A. Belyi I. A. Solovyev |
| author_sort | A. A. Moskalev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lifespan is a complex quantitative characteristic that makes a significant contribution to the Darwinian adaptiveness. The disclosure of the genetic structure of longevity is a fundamental problem of the evolution of ontogeny, evolutionary genetics and molecular gerontology. Under optimal conditions, the lifespan is determined by the aging rate. The aging process is made up of interrelated processes that take place at the organismal, tissue, cellular, molecular and genetic levels. These include deregulation processes of homeostasis maintenance, metabolic reactions and sending intra- and intercellular signals, accumulation of senescent cells, damaged organelles and macromolecules, epigenetic changes and genetic instability. The objective of this review is to summarize the available information about underlying genetic determinants of longevity and aging. Genes and signaling pathways that regulate stress response, metabolism, growth of cells and organism, maintaining of genome and proteome integrity, qualitative and quantitative mitochondria composition, inflammatory response, apoptosis and selection of viable cells, as well as circadian rhythms were considered. The redistribution of energy resources from one pathway to the other can induce or inhibit the ”longevity program”, providing increased vitality and aging slowdown. Based on the analysis of geroprotective potential of examined genes’ regulation, main targets have been identified to slowdown aging and achieve healthy longevity. These trends include heterochromatin recovery, retrotransposition suppression, aneuploidy elimination; restoring the acidity of lysosomes; telomere elongation; suppression of chronic inflammation; elimination of protein cross-links; elimination of senescent cells; recovery of NAD+ levels; inhibition of mTOR, S6K, TGF-β, AT1; controlled activation of the ”longevity program” genes FOXO, AMPK, PGC1α, NRF2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:06:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-181b85a945e14d74abdeed6d6bc33b63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2500-3259 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:09:13Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| spelling | doaj.art-181b85a945e14d74abdeed6d6bc33b632024-04-11T15:30:57ZengSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and BreedersВавиловский журнал генетики и селекции2500-32592016-09-0120442644010.18699/VJ16.171497Genetics of aging and longevityA. A. Moskalev0E. N. Proshkina1A. A. Belyi2I. A. Solovyev3Institute of Biology Komi SC UrB RAS; Syktyvkar State University; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RASInstitute of Biology Komi SC UrB RAS; Syktyvkar State UniversityInstitute of Biology Komi SC UrB RAS; Syktyvkar State UniversityInstitute of Biology Komi SC UrB RAS; Syktyvkar State UniversityLifespan is a complex quantitative characteristic that makes a significant contribution to the Darwinian adaptiveness. The disclosure of the genetic structure of longevity is a fundamental problem of the evolution of ontogeny, evolutionary genetics and molecular gerontology. Under optimal conditions, the lifespan is determined by the aging rate. The aging process is made up of interrelated processes that take place at the organismal, tissue, cellular, molecular and genetic levels. These include deregulation processes of homeostasis maintenance, metabolic reactions and sending intra- and intercellular signals, accumulation of senescent cells, damaged organelles and macromolecules, epigenetic changes and genetic instability. The objective of this review is to summarize the available information about underlying genetic determinants of longevity and aging. Genes and signaling pathways that regulate stress response, metabolism, growth of cells and organism, maintaining of genome and proteome integrity, qualitative and quantitative mitochondria composition, inflammatory response, apoptosis and selection of viable cells, as well as circadian rhythms were considered. The redistribution of energy resources from one pathway to the other can induce or inhibit the ”longevity program”, providing increased vitality and aging slowdown. Based on the analysis of geroprotective potential of examined genes’ regulation, main targets have been identified to slowdown aging and achieve healthy longevity. These trends include heterochromatin recovery, retrotransposition suppression, aneuploidy elimination; restoring the acidity of lysosomes; telomere elongation; suppression of chronic inflammation; elimination of protein cross-links; elimination of senescent cells; recovery of NAD+ levels; inhibition of mTOR, S6K, TGF-β, AT1; controlled activation of the ”longevity program” genes FOXO, AMPK, PGC1α, NRF2.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/695lifespanaginglongevity geneslongevity program |
| spellingShingle | A. A. Moskalev E. N. Proshkina A. A. Belyi I. A. Solovyev Genetics of aging and longevity Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции lifespan aging longevity genes longevity program |
| title | Genetics of aging and longevity |
| title_full | Genetics of aging and longevity |
| title_fullStr | Genetics of aging and longevity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetics of aging and longevity |
| title_short | Genetics of aging and longevity |
| title_sort | genetics of aging and longevity |
| topic | lifespan aging longevity genes longevity program |
| url | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/695 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aamoskalev geneticsofagingandlongevity AT enproshkina geneticsofagingandlongevity AT aabelyi geneticsofagingandlongevity AT iasolovyev geneticsofagingandlongevity |