Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds largely present in fruits and vegetables possessing antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Their use in clinical practice is very poor due to their low bioavailability, susceptibility to oxidation and degradation. Moreover, their...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/8/1623 |
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| author | Renata Adami Paola Russo Chiara Amante Chiara De Soricellis Giovanna Della Porta Ernesto Reverchon Pasquale Del Gaudio |
| author_facet | Renata Adami Paola Russo Chiara Amante Chiara De Soricellis Giovanna Della Porta Ernesto Reverchon Pasquale Del Gaudio |
| author_sort | Renata Adami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds largely present in fruits and vegetables possessing antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Their use in clinical practice is very poor due to their low bioavailability, susceptibility to oxidation and degradation. Moreover, their slight solubility in biological fluids and a consequent low dissolution rate leads to an irregular absorption from solid dosage forms, even though, anti-inflammatory formulations could be used as support for several disease treatment, i.e. the COVID-19 syndrome. To improve flavonoid bioavailability particle size of the powder can be reduced to make it breathable and to promote the absorption in the lung tissues. Supercritical fluid based antisolvent technique has been used to produce naringin particles, with size, shape and density as well as free flowing properties able to fit inhalation needs. The dried particles are produced with the removal of the solvent at lower temperatures compared to the most used traditional micronization processes, such as spray drying. The best breathable fraction for naringin particles is obtained for particles with a d<sub>50</sub>~7 µm manufactured at 35 °C-150 bar and at 60 °C-130 bar, corresponding to 32.6% and 36.7% respectively. The powder is produced using a high CO<sub>2</sub> molar fraction (0.99) that assure a better removal of the solvent. NuLi-1 cell line of immortalised bronchial epithelial cells adopted to evaluate powder cytotoxicity indicated after 24 h absence of toxicity at concentration of 25 µM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:58:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-181fff284a4e4e929e558681627c97ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:58:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-181fff284a4e4e929e558681627c97ce2023-12-03T14:17:20ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-08-01148162310.3390/pharmaceutics14081623Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin PowderRenata Adami0Paola Russo1Chiara Amante2Chiara De Soricellis3Giovanna Della Porta4Ernesto Reverchon5Pasquale Del Gaudio6Department of Physics E. Caianiello, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Odontoiatry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyFlavonoids are polyphenolic compounds largely present in fruits and vegetables possessing antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Their use in clinical practice is very poor due to their low bioavailability, susceptibility to oxidation and degradation. Moreover, their slight solubility in biological fluids and a consequent low dissolution rate leads to an irregular absorption from solid dosage forms, even though, anti-inflammatory formulations could be used as support for several disease treatment, i.e. the COVID-19 syndrome. To improve flavonoid bioavailability particle size of the powder can be reduced to make it breathable and to promote the absorption in the lung tissues. Supercritical fluid based antisolvent technique has been used to produce naringin particles, with size, shape and density as well as free flowing properties able to fit inhalation needs. The dried particles are produced with the removal of the solvent at lower temperatures compared to the most used traditional micronization processes, such as spray drying. The best breathable fraction for naringin particles is obtained for particles with a d<sub>50</sub>~7 µm manufactured at 35 °C-150 bar and at 60 °C-130 bar, corresponding to 32.6% and 36.7% respectively. The powder is produced using a high CO<sub>2</sub> molar fraction (0.99) that assure a better removal of the solvent. NuLi-1 cell line of immortalised bronchial epithelial cells adopted to evaluate powder cytotoxicity indicated after 24 h absence of toxicity at concentration of 25 µM.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/8/1623supercritical antisolvent extractionnaringinmicroparticleslong COVIDinhalation therapy |
| spellingShingle | Renata Adami Paola Russo Chiara Amante Chiara De Soricellis Giovanna Della Porta Ernesto Reverchon Pasquale Del Gaudio Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder Pharmaceutics supercritical antisolvent extraction naringin microparticles long COVID inhalation therapy |
| title | Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder |
| title_full | Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder |
| title_fullStr | Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder |
| title_short | Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder |
| title_sort | supercritical antisolvent technique for the production of breathable naringin powder |
| topic | supercritical antisolvent extraction naringin microparticles long COVID inhalation therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/8/1623 |
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