Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4
Background. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is responsible for respiratory disease in young animals, abortion in pregnant mares and neurological disease, whilst equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is mainly the causative agent of respiratory disorders and rarely causes abortion. These viruses are conside...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinarski Glasnik |
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| Online Access: | http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-2457/2018/0350-24571700002M.pdf |
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| author | Milić Nenad Radalj Andrea Nišavić Jakov |
| author_facet | Milić Nenad Radalj Andrea Nišavić Jakov |
| author_sort | Milić Nenad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is responsible for respiratory disease in young animals, abortion in pregnant mares and neurological disease, whilst equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is mainly the causative agent of respiratory disorders and rarely causes abortion. These viruses are considered as one of the most clinically and economically important pathogens of horses and can be detected in a range of tissues. Scope and Approach. Serological methods are used to detect the presence and titre of specific antibodies to EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the sera of examined horses and are useful in epizootiological studies. Commercially available ELISA kits are able to differentiate specific EHV-1 and EHV-4 antibodies. EHV-1 and EHV-4 can both be isolated using susceptible cells such as primary horse cell cultures and other non-equine cells with visible cytopathic effect. Since standard diagnostic methods can be time consuming and arduous, the scope of many studies has been to develop and confirm the sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostic methods. Key Findings and Conclusions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved to be a good screening method for the presence of latent infections of horses caused by these viruses, also making possible the rapid identification and differentiation of EHV-1 and- EHV-4 in the examined samples. Real-time PCR is a sensitive, specific and quantitative method that enables the determination of viral kinetics in infected horses. Genome sequencing can be used to discover mutations in the genomes of EHV-1 and EHV-4 as well as to track the spread of their different strains globally. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR 31008: Development and application of molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in quick and direct identification of Newcastle disease virus strains and investigation of immunogenicity of subunit vaccine prepared of their antigens] |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:21:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1820204d0b0246a4befa36221a8526cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0350-2457 2406-0771 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:21:38Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinarski Glasnik |
| spelling | doaj.art-1820204d0b0246a4befa36221a8526cd2022-12-21T17:15:46ZengFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, BelgradeVeterinarski Glasnik0350-24572406-07712018-01-01722687910.2298/VETGL170227002M0350-24571700002MStandard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4Milić Nenad0Radalj Andrea1Nišavić Jakov2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, BelgradeFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, BelgradeFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, BelgradeBackground. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is responsible for respiratory disease in young animals, abortion in pregnant mares and neurological disease, whilst equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is mainly the causative agent of respiratory disorders and rarely causes abortion. These viruses are considered as one of the most clinically and economically important pathogens of horses and can be detected in a range of tissues. Scope and Approach. Serological methods are used to detect the presence and titre of specific antibodies to EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the sera of examined horses and are useful in epizootiological studies. Commercially available ELISA kits are able to differentiate specific EHV-1 and EHV-4 antibodies. EHV-1 and EHV-4 can both be isolated using susceptible cells such as primary horse cell cultures and other non-equine cells with visible cytopathic effect. Since standard diagnostic methods can be time consuming and arduous, the scope of many studies has been to develop and confirm the sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostic methods. Key Findings and Conclusions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved to be a good screening method for the presence of latent infections of horses caused by these viruses, also making possible the rapid identification and differentiation of EHV-1 and- EHV-4 in the examined samples. Real-time PCR is a sensitive, specific and quantitative method that enables the determination of viral kinetics in infected horses. Genome sequencing can be used to discover mutations in the genomes of EHV-1 and EHV-4 as well as to track the spread of their different strains globally. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. TR 31008: Development and application of molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in quick and direct identification of Newcastle disease virus strains and investigation of immunogenicity of subunit vaccine prepared of their antigens]http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-2457/2018/0350-24571700002M.pdfEHV-1EHV-4PCRserologysequencingvirus isolation |
| spellingShingle | Milić Nenad Radalj Andrea Nišavić Jakov Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 Veterinarski Glasnik EHV-1 EHV-4 PCR serology sequencing virus isolation |
| title | Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 |
| title_full | Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 |
| title_fullStr | Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 |
| title_short | Standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 |
| title_sort | standard and molecular methods in the diagnostics of infections caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 |
| topic | EHV-1 EHV-4 PCR serology sequencing virus isolation |
| url | http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-2457/2018/0350-24571700002M.pdf |
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