A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows
Abstract This paper systematically reviews the mathematical modeling based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows. First, some physicochemical phenomena in hypersonic flows (e.g., vibrational energy excitation and chemical reactions) and t...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Advances in Aerodynamics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-022-00125-x |
| _version_ | 1797977175379410944 |
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| author | Wenqing Zhang Zhijun Zhang Xiaowei Wang Tianyi Su |
| author_facet | Wenqing Zhang Zhijun Zhang Xiaowei Wang Tianyi Su |
| author_sort | Wenqing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper systematically reviews the mathematical modeling based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows. First, some physicochemical phenomena in hypersonic flows (e.g., vibrational energy excitation and chemical reactions) and the flow characteristics at various altitudes (e.g., thermochemical equilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium, and thermochemical nonequilibrium) are reviewed. Second, the judgment rules of whether the CFD method can be applied to hypersonic flows are summarized for accurate numerical calculations. This study focuses on the related numerical models and calculation processes of the CFD method in a thermochemical equilibrium flow and two nonequilibrium flows. For the thermochemical equilibrium flow, the governing equations, chemical composition calculation methods, and related research on the thermodynamic and transport properties of air are reviewed. For the nonequilibrium flows, the governing equations that include one-, two-, and three-temperature models are reviewed. The one-temperature model is applied to a chemical nonequilibrium flow, whereas the two- and three-temperature models are applied to a thermochemical nonequilibrium flow. The associated calculations and numerical models of the thermodynamic and transport properties, chemical reaction sources, and energy transfers between different energy modes of the three models are presented in detail. Finally, the corresponding numerical models of two special wall boundary conditions commonly used in hypersonic flows (i.e., slip boundary conditions and catalytic walls) and related research, are reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:03:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-182771beb96f48a983a4c8578635111b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-6992 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Aerodynamics |
| spelling | doaj.art-182771beb96f48a983a4c8578635111b2022-12-25T12:31:09ZengSpringerOpenAdvances in Aerodynamics2524-69922022-12-014114710.1186/s42774-022-00125-xA review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flowsWenqing Zhang0Zhijun Zhang1Xiaowei Wang2Tianyi Su3School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern UniversityAbstract This paper systematically reviews the mathematical modeling based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows. First, some physicochemical phenomena in hypersonic flows (e.g., vibrational energy excitation and chemical reactions) and the flow characteristics at various altitudes (e.g., thermochemical equilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium, and thermochemical nonequilibrium) are reviewed. Second, the judgment rules of whether the CFD method can be applied to hypersonic flows are summarized for accurate numerical calculations. This study focuses on the related numerical models and calculation processes of the CFD method in a thermochemical equilibrium flow and two nonequilibrium flows. For the thermochemical equilibrium flow, the governing equations, chemical composition calculation methods, and related research on the thermodynamic and transport properties of air are reviewed. For the nonequilibrium flows, the governing equations that include one-, two-, and three-temperature models are reviewed. The one-temperature model is applied to a chemical nonequilibrium flow, whereas the two- and three-temperature models are applied to a thermochemical nonequilibrium flow. The associated calculations and numerical models of the thermodynamic and transport properties, chemical reaction sources, and energy transfers between different energy modes of the three models are presented in detail. Finally, the corresponding numerical models of two special wall boundary conditions commonly used in hypersonic flows (i.e., slip boundary conditions and catalytic walls) and related research, are reviewed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-022-00125-xMathematical modelingHypersonic flowsChemical nonequilibrium flowThermochemical nonequilibrium flowThermochemical equilibrium flow |
| spellingShingle | Wenqing Zhang Zhijun Zhang Xiaowei Wang Tianyi Su A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows Advances in Aerodynamics Mathematical modeling Hypersonic flows Chemical nonequilibrium flow Thermochemical nonequilibrium flow Thermochemical equilibrium flow |
| title | A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows |
| title_full | A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows |
| title_fullStr | A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows |
| title_short | A review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows |
| title_sort | review of the mathematical modeling of equilibrium and nonequilibrium hypersonic flows |
| topic | Mathematical modeling Hypersonic flows Chemical nonequilibrium flow Thermochemical nonequilibrium flow Thermochemical equilibrium flow |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-022-00125-x |
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