Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours
Denosumab is a fully humanised monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand, inhibiting the RANK–RANKL pathway. It promotes the apoptosis of osteoclast-like giant cells, a secondary ossification and connective tissue formation. Given its high efficacy, denosumab is the standard treatment of unresectable or...
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Bioscientifica
2023-12-01
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| Series: | EFORT Open Reviews |
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| Online Access: | https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/12/EOR-23-0138.xml |
| _version_ | 1797390594864054272 |
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| author | Antal Imre Sápi Zoltán Szendrői Miklós |
| author_facet | Antal Imre Sápi Zoltán Szendrői Miklós |
| author_sort | Antal Imre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Denosumab is a fully humanised monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand, inhibiting the RANK–RANKL pathway. It promotes the apoptosis of osteoclast-like giant cells, a secondary ossification and connective tissue formation.
Given its high efficacy, denosumab is the standard treatment of unresectable or metastatic giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) requiring morbid surgery.
Neoadjuvant administration of denosumab may be justified to enable the resection of the tumour in certain cases; it should be considered, however, with caution for joint-saving surgery due to high local recurrence rates.
In cases of unresectable or metastatic GCTB, however, denosumab treatment should be administered for years or even as a lifelong therapy. This poses many yet unanswered questions concerning the frequency of denosumab treatment as well as the ratio of the adverse events in the following years.
Denosumab suppresses, not directly targets, the neoplastic stromal cells of GCTB. Ongoing in vitro studies suggest that other drugs alone or in combination (e.g. sunitinib) with denosumab may target both the neoplastic and the giant cells.
Promising results have been reported regarding the off-label use of denosumab in other giant cell-rich tumours/tumour-like lesions, i.e. aneurysmal bone cysts and central giant cell granulomas. Data are derived, however, mostly from case reports and case series. Large prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the role and also the side effects of denosumab in the treatment of these rare diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:14:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1828996cd5ad46c8bb8b2be7eea3d916 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2058-5241 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:14:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Bioscientifica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFORT Open Reviews |
| spelling | doaj.art-1828996cd5ad46c8bb8b2be7eea3d9162023-12-15T07:16:26ZengBioscientificaEFORT Open Reviews2058-52412023-12-01812895905https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-23-0138Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumoursAntal Imre0Sápi Zoltán1Szendrői Miklós2Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, BudapestDepartment of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryDenosumab is a fully humanised monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand, inhibiting the RANK–RANKL pathway. It promotes the apoptosis of osteoclast-like giant cells, a secondary ossification and connective tissue formation. Given its high efficacy, denosumab is the standard treatment of unresectable or metastatic giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) requiring morbid surgery. Neoadjuvant administration of denosumab may be justified to enable the resection of the tumour in certain cases; it should be considered, however, with caution for joint-saving surgery due to high local recurrence rates. In cases of unresectable or metastatic GCTB, however, denosumab treatment should be administered for years or even as a lifelong therapy. This poses many yet unanswered questions concerning the frequency of denosumab treatment as well as the ratio of the adverse events in the following years. Denosumab suppresses, not directly targets, the neoplastic stromal cells of GCTB. Ongoing in vitro studies suggest that other drugs alone or in combination (e.g. sunitinib) with denosumab may target both the neoplastic and the giant cells. Promising results have been reported regarding the off-label use of denosumab in other giant cell-rich tumours/tumour-like lesions, i.e. aneurysmal bone cysts and central giant cell granulomas. Data are derived, however, mostly from case reports and case series. Large prospective clinical trials are needed to evaluate the role and also the side effects of denosumab in the treatment of these rare diseases. https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/12/EOR-23-0138.xmldenosumabgiant cell tumour of boneaneurysmal bone cysttyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| spellingShingle | Antal Imre Sápi Zoltán Szendrői Miklós Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours EFORT Open Reviews denosumab giant cell tumour of bone aneurysmal bone cyst tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| title | Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours |
| title_full | Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours |
| title_fullStr | Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours |
| title_short | Current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours |
| title_sort | current indications for denosumab in benign bone tumours |
| topic | denosumab giant cell tumour of bone aneurysmal bone cyst tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| url | https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/12/EOR-23-0138.xml |
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