Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms
Oral tolerance is defined as a specific suppression of cellular and humoral immune responses to a particular antigen through prior oral administration of an antigen. It has unique immunological importance since it is a natural and continuous event driven by external antigens. It is characterized by...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/865 |
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| author | Lilian Rumi Tsuruta Ana Maria Moro Denise V. Tambourgi Osvaldo Augusto Sant’Anna |
| author_facet | Lilian Rumi Tsuruta Ana Maria Moro Denise V. Tambourgi Osvaldo Augusto Sant’Anna |
| author_sort | Lilian Rumi Tsuruta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oral tolerance is defined as a specific suppression of cellular and humoral immune responses to a particular antigen through prior oral administration of an antigen. It has unique immunological importance since it is a natural and continuous event driven by external antigens. It is characterized by low levels of IgG in the serum of animals after immunization with the antigen. There is no report of induction of oral tolerance to <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> venom. Here, we induced oral tolerance to <i>B. jararaca</i> venom in BALB/c mice and evaluated the specific tolerance and cross-reactivity with the toxins of other <i>Bothrops</i> species after immunization with the snake venoms adsorbed to/encapsulated in nanostructured SBA-15 silica. Animals that received a high dose of <i>B. jararaca</i> venom (1.8 mg) orally responded by showing antibody titers similar to those of immunized animals. On the other hand, mice tolerized orally with three doses of 1 µg of <i>B. jararaca</i> venom showed low antibody titers. In animals that received a low dose of <i>B. jararaca</i> venom and were immunized with <i>B. atrox</i> or <i>B. jararacussu</i> venom, tolerance was null or only partial. Immunoblot analysis against the venom of different <i>Bothrops</i> species provided details about the main tolerogenic epitopes and clearly showed a difference compared to antiserum of immunized animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-183f9eb675394524850c60f6980dbb70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-183f9eb675394524850c60f6980dbb702023-11-23T10:50:38ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-12-01131286510.3390/toxins13120865Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake VenomsLilian Rumi Tsuruta0Ana Maria Moro1Denise V. Tambourgi2Osvaldo Augusto Sant’Anna3Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilBiopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilImmunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilImmunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, BrazilOral tolerance is defined as a specific suppression of cellular and humoral immune responses to a particular antigen through prior oral administration of an antigen. It has unique immunological importance since it is a natural and continuous event driven by external antigens. It is characterized by low levels of IgG in the serum of animals after immunization with the antigen. There is no report of induction of oral tolerance to <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> venom. Here, we induced oral tolerance to <i>B. jararaca</i> venom in BALB/c mice and evaluated the specific tolerance and cross-reactivity with the toxins of other <i>Bothrops</i> species after immunization with the snake venoms adsorbed to/encapsulated in nanostructured SBA-15 silica. Animals that received a high dose of <i>B. jararaca</i> venom (1.8 mg) orally responded by showing antibody titers similar to those of immunized animals. On the other hand, mice tolerized orally with three doses of 1 µg of <i>B. jararaca</i> venom showed low antibody titers. In animals that received a low dose of <i>B. jararaca</i> venom and were immunized with <i>B. atrox</i> or <i>B. jararacussu</i> venom, tolerance was null or only partial. Immunoblot analysis against the venom of different <i>Bothrops</i> species provided details about the main tolerogenic epitopes and clearly showed a difference compared to antiserum of immunized animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/865oral tolerance<i>Bothrops jararaca</i>snake venomELISA |
| spellingShingle | Lilian Rumi Tsuruta Ana Maria Moro Denise V. Tambourgi Osvaldo Augusto Sant’Anna Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms Toxins oral tolerance <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> snake venom ELISA |
| title | Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms |
| title_full | Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms |
| title_fullStr | Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms |
| title_short | Oral Tolerance Induction by <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> Venom in a Murine Model and Cross-Reactivity with Toxins of Other Snake Venoms |
| title_sort | oral tolerance induction by i bothrops jararaca i venom in a murine model and cross reactivity with toxins of other snake venoms |
| topic | oral tolerance <i>Bothrops jararaca</i> snake venom ELISA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/865 |
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