Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows
Dairy cows undergo dynamic physiological changes from late gestation to early lactation, including metabolic changes and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between immune function and metabolic changes in peripartum dairy cows. Fifteen healthy Holstein dair...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/953 |
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| author | Zhuo Yang Fang Luo Guolin Liu Zhengzhong Luo Sijia Ma Hang Gao Hailong He Jinzhong Tao |
| author_facet | Zhuo Yang Fang Luo Guolin Liu Zhengzhong Luo Sijia Ma Hang Gao Hailong He Jinzhong Tao |
| author_sort | Zhuo Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dairy cows undergo dynamic physiological changes from late gestation to early lactation, including metabolic changes and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between immune function and metabolic changes in peripartum dairy cows. Fifteen healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled 14 days prior to parturition, and plasma was collected on day −7, 0, 7, and 21 relative to calving. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 levels were measured, and metabolic profiles were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed using Tukey–Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons, and multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were performed to screen for differential metabolites. The results showed that the concentrations of NEFAs, glucose, BHBA, and TNF-α in the plasma significantly increased and concentrations of IgG and interleukin-2 in plasma significantly decreased from −7 d to the calving day (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of glucose, IgG, and TNF-α significantly decreased from 0 to +7 d, and concentrations of NEFAs decreased significantly from +7 to +21 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The following six primary metabolic pathways were identified in all time point comparisons, and L-glutamate, linoleic acid, taurine, and L-tryptophan were involved in these major metabolic pathways. Correlation and pathway analyses indicated that a negative energy balance during the transition period adversely affects immune responses in cows, and L-tryptophan exerts immunomodulatory effects through the Trp-Kyn pathway, resulting in depletion of Trp and elevation of Kyn. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:48:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1849ba819814427dbbfedfcf052d9b22 |
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| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:48:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-1849ba819814427dbbfedfcf052d9b222023-11-24T01:15:48ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-10-01121095310.3390/metabo12100953Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy CowsZhuo Yang0Fang Luo1Guolin Liu2Zhengzhong Luo3Sijia Ma4Hang Gao5Hailong He6Jinzhong Tao7Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaDairy cows undergo dynamic physiological changes from late gestation to early lactation, including metabolic changes and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between immune function and metabolic changes in peripartum dairy cows. Fifteen healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled 14 days prior to parturition, and plasma was collected on day −7, 0, 7, and 21 relative to calving. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 levels were measured, and metabolic profiles were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed using Tukey–Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons, and multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were performed to screen for differential metabolites. The results showed that the concentrations of NEFAs, glucose, BHBA, and TNF-α in the plasma significantly increased and concentrations of IgG and interleukin-2 in plasma significantly decreased from −7 d to the calving day (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of glucose, IgG, and TNF-α significantly decreased from 0 to +7 d, and concentrations of NEFAs decreased significantly from +7 to +21 d (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The following six primary metabolic pathways were identified in all time point comparisons, and L-glutamate, linoleic acid, taurine, and L-tryptophan were involved in these major metabolic pathways. Correlation and pathway analyses indicated that a negative energy balance during the transition period adversely affects immune responses in cows, and L-tryptophan exerts immunomodulatory effects through the Trp-Kyn pathway, resulting in depletion of Trp and elevation of Kyn.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/953dairy cattlemetabolismimmune functiontryptophantransition period |
| spellingShingle | Zhuo Yang Fang Luo Guolin Liu Zhengzhong Luo Sijia Ma Hang Gao Hailong He Jinzhong Tao Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows Metabolites dairy cattle metabolism immune function tryptophan transition period |
| title | Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows |
| title_full | Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows |
| title_short | Plasma Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Relationship between Immune Function and Metabolic Changes in Holstein Peripartum Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | plasma metabolomic analysis reveals the relationship between immune function and metabolic changes in holstein peripartum dairy cows |
| topic | dairy cattle metabolism immune function tryptophan transition period |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/953 |
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