Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy
Magnesium (Mg) is a potential candidate for biomedical implants, but its susceptibility to suffer corrosion attack in human body fluid limits its practical use. Thus, alloying Mg with other metal elements is the most effective strategy to improve its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Herei...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/3/529 |
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| author | Sehrish Mukhtar Muhammad Kamran Rafiq Ahmed Asima Tayyeb |
| author_facet | Sehrish Mukhtar Muhammad Kamran Rafiq Ahmed Asima Tayyeb |
| author_sort | Sehrish Mukhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnesium (Mg) is a potential candidate for biomedical implants, but its susceptibility to suffer corrosion attack in human body fluid limits its practical use. Thus, alloying Mg with other metal elements is the most effective strategy to improve its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we report a Mg-Zn-Co ternary alloy (85-10-5 wt %) synthesized by the mechanical alloying technique. Ball-milling parameters such as ball size and milling time were varied to obtain better alloy properties. After compaction and sintering, the obtained alloy samples were subjected to various characterizations, including grain, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness and nanoindentation analyses. In vitro biocompatibility analysis of different alloys was also performed with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Grain analysis confirmed the even dispersion of particles, while SEM analysis showed the formation of laminates, spherical and fine particles with an increase in time and varied ball size. XRD results further confirmed the formation of intermetallic compounds. The microhardness of samples was increased with the increase in milling time. The Young’s modulus of ternary alloys obtained from nanoindentation analysis was comparable to the modulus of human bone. Moreover, in vitro analysis with osteoblasts showed that the developed alloys were noncytotoxic and biocompatible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:18:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-185538a9ce0f4569bf47c8e84f607477 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:18:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-185538a9ce0f4569bf47c8e84f6074772023-11-30T21:32:39ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-03-0112352910.3390/met12030529Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary AlloySehrish Mukhtar0Muhammad Kamran1Rafiq Ahmed2Asima Tayyeb3Institute of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanInstitute of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanInstitute of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanSchool of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanMagnesium (Mg) is a potential candidate for biomedical implants, but its susceptibility to suffer corrosion attack in human body fluid limits its practical use. Thus, alloying Mg with other metal elements is the most effective strategy to improve its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we report a Mg-Zn-Co ternary alloy (85-10-5 wt %) synthesized by the mechanical alloying technique. Ball-milling parameters such as ball size and milling time were varied to obtain better alloy properties. After compaction and sintering, the obtained alloy samples were subjected to various characterizations, including grain, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness and nanoindentation analyses. In vitro biocompatibility analysis of different alloys was also performed with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Grain analysis confirmed the even dispersion of particles, while SEM analysis showed the formation of laminates, spherical and fine particles with an increase in time and varied ball size. XRD results further confirmed the formation of intermetallic compounds. The microhardness of samples was increased with the increase in milling time. The Young’s modulus of ternary alloys obtained from nanoindentation analysis was comparable to the modulus of human bone. Moreover, in vitro analysis with osteoblasts showed that the developed alloys were noncytotoxic and biocompatible.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/3/529intermetallicmechanical alloyingmicrostructurescanning electron microscopeX-ray diffractionbiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Sehrish Mukhtar Muhammad Kamran Rafiq Ahmed Asima Tayyeb Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy Metals intermetallic mechanical alloying microstructure scanning electron microscope X-ray diffraction biocompatibility |
| title | Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy |
| title_full | Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy |
| title_short | Effect of Milling Parameters on Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Co Ternary Alloy |
| title_sort | effect of milling parameters on mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of mg zn co ternary alloy |
| topic | intermetallic mechanical alloying microstructure scanning electron microscope X-ray diffraction biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/3/529 |
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