Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel
The use of non-oil Jatropha biomass in the energy mix as a solid fuel offers the most effective ways of utilising such resource. However, available information indicates that biomass has negative inherent properties which lower its fuel value. This negative effect can be improved by slow pyrolysis p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325007 |
| _version_ | 1811270839266443264 |
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| author | Elias Kethobile Clever Ketlogetswe Jerekias Gandure |
| author_facet | Elias Kethobile Clever Ketlogetswe Jerekias Gandure |
| author_sort | Elias Kethobile |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of non-oil Jatropha biomass in the energy mix as a solid fuel offers the most effective ways of utilising such resource. However, available information indicates that biomass has negative inherent properties which lower its fuel value. This negative effect can be improved by slow pyrolysis process called torrefaction where the biomass is heated in the range of 200 °C to 300 °C. In the present investigation the effects of torrefaction temperature on the solid fuel value of different Jatropha biomass materials were determined. Consequently, three types of Jatropha biomass namely; seed cake, stem and fruit cover were considered under five temperature levels (200 °C, 225 °C, 250 °C, 275 °C, 300 °C). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences (P > 0.05) in bulk density, hygroscopicity, energy content and ultimate etc. The statistical analysis results indicated that there was biomass type and torrefaction temperature interaction effects on the ultimate analysis, bulk density, hygroscopicity, energy content and energy yield. The interaction effects of the factors under investigation were not observed in mass yield. Increase in torrefaction temperature generally reduced the equilibrium moisture content and volatile matters across the biomass types. However fixed carbon, carbon content, ash content and energy density were increased across the biomass types as the temperature was increased from 200 °C to 300 °C. The torrefied Jatropha seed cake biomass showed relatively enhanced fuel characteristics than the torrefied stem and the torrefied fruit husk when considering the properties under investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:09:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18563944c2d74436a1684a776100ed58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:09:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-18563944c2d74436a1684a776100ed582022-12-22T03:14:48ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402020-12-01612e05657Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuelElias Kethobile0Clever Ketlogetswe1Jerekias Gandure2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agricultural Development and Food Security, Botswana; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, BotswanaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, BotswanaThe use of non-oil Jatropha biomass in the energy mix as a solid fuel offers the most effective ways of utilising such resource. However, available information indicates that biomass has negative inherent properties which lower its fuel value. This negative effect can be improved by slow pyrolysis process called torrefaction where the biomass is heated in the range of 200 °C to 300 °C. In the present investigation the effects of torrefaction temperature on the solid fuel value of different Jatropha biomass materials were determined. Consequently, three types of Jatropha biomass namely; seed cake, stem and fruit cover were considered under five temperature levels (200 °C, 225 °C, 250 °C, 275 °C, 300 °C). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences (P > 0.05) in bulk density, hygroscopicity, energy content and ultimate etc. The statistical analysis results indicated that there was biomass type and torrefaction temperature interaction effects on the ultimate analysis, bulk density, hygroscopicity, energy content and energy yield. The interaction effects of the factors under investigation were not observed in mass yield. Increase in torrefaction temperature generally reduced the equilibrium moisture content and volatile matters across the biomass types. However fixed carbon, carbon content, ash content and energy density were increased across the biomass types as the temperature was increased from 200 °C to 300 °C. The torrefied Jatropha seed cake biomass showed relatively enhanced fuel characteristics than the torrefied stem and the torrefied fruit husk when considering the properties under investigation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325007AgricultureChemical engineeringEnergyEnvironmental scienceBioengineeringMaterials characterization |
| spellingShingle | Elias Kethobile Clever Ketlogetswe Jerekias Gandure Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel Heliyon Agriculture Chemical engineering Energy Environmental science Bioengineering Materials characterization |
| title | Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel |
| title_full | Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel |
| title_fullStr | Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel |
| title_short | Torrefaction of non - oil Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) biomass for solid fuel |
| title_sort | torrefaction of non oil jatropha curcas l jatropha biomass for solid fuel |
| topic | Agriculture Chemical engineering Energy Environmental science Bioengineering Materials characterization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325007 |
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