Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials
Immuno-oncology (IO) has been an active area of oncology research. Following US FDA approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), ipilimumab (human IgG1 k anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody), in 2011, and of the first oncolytic virus, Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec), in 2015, there has be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8627 |
| _version_ | 1797547741221486592 |
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| author | June Kyu Hwang JinWoo Hong Chae-Ok Yun |
| author_facet | June Kyu Hwang JinWoo Hong Chae-Ok Yun |
| author_sort | June Kyu Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immuno-oncology (IO) has been an active area of oncology research. Following US FDA approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), ipilimumab (human IgG1 k anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody), in 2011, and of the first oncolytic virus, Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec), in 2015, there has been renewed interest in IO. In the past decade, ICIs have changed the treatment paradigm for many cancers by enabling better therapeutic control, resuming immune surveillance, suppressing tumor immunosuppression, and restoring antitumor immune function. However, ICI therapies are effective only in a small subset of patients and show limited therapeutic potential due to their inability to demonstrate efficacy in ‘cold’ or unresponsive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Relatedly, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been shown to induce antitumor immune responses, augment the efficacy of existing cancer treatments, and reform unresponsive TME to turn ‘cold’ tumors ‘hot,’ increasing their susceptibility to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. For this reason, OVs serve as ideal complements to ICIs, and multiple preclinical studies and clinical trials are demonstrating their combined therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss the merits and limitations of OVs and ICIs as monotherapy then progress onto the preclinical rationale and the results of clinical trials of key combination therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:49:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-185f106ed0c8481085c9091f80c906da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:49:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-185f106ed0c8481085c9091f80c906da2023-11-20T21:05:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012122862710.3390/ijms21228627Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical TrialsJune Kyu Hwang0JinWoo Hong1Chae-Ok Yun2Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, KoreaDepartment of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, KoreaDepartment of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, KoreaImmuno-oncology (IO) has been an active area of oncology research. Following US FDA approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), ipilimumab (human IgG1 k anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody), in 2011, and of the first oncolytic virus, Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec), in 2015, there has been renewed interest in IO. In the past decade, ICIs have changed the treatment paradigm for many cancers by enabling better therapeutic control, resuming immune surveillance, suppressing tumor immunosuppression, and restoring antitumor immune function. However, ICI therapies are effective only in a small subset of patients and show limited therapeutic potential due to their inability to demonstrate efficacy in ‘cold’ or unresponsive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Relatedly, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been shown to induce antitumor immune responses, augment the efficacy of existing cancer treatments, and reform unresponsive TME to turn ‘cold’ tumors ‘hot,’ increasing their susceptibility to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. For this reason, OVs serve as ideal complements to ICIs, and multiple preclinical studies and clinical trials are demonstrating their combined therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss the merits and limitations of OVs and ICIs as monotherapy then progress onto the preclinical rationale and the results of clinical trials of key combination therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8627oncolytic virus 1immune checkpoint inhibitor 2immuno-oncology 3combination therapy 4 |
| spellingShingle | June Kyu Hwang JinWoo Hong Chae-Ok Yun Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials International Journal of Molecular Sciences oncolytic virus 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor 2 immuno-oncology 3 combination therapy 4 |
| title | Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials |
| title_full | Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials |
| title_fullStr | Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials |
| title_short | Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials |
| title_sort | oncolytic viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors preclinical developments to clinical trials |
| topic | oncolytic virus 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor 2 immuno-oncology 3 combination therapy 4 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8627 |
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