Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021
Abstract Background The last decade saw the emergence of a new significant migration corridor due to the mass migration of Venezuelans to neighboring countries in South America. Since 2018, Brazil became the third host country of Venezuelan displaced populations. Little is known about how migratory...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18109-5 |
| _version_ | 1797199105316880384 |
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| author | Maria do Carmo Leal Thaiza Dutra Gomes de Carvalho Yammê Ramos Portella Santos Rita Suely Bacuri de Queiroz Paula Andrea Morelli Fonseca Celia Landmann Szwarcwald Pía Riggirozzi |
| author_facet | Maria do Carmo Leal Thaiza Dutra Gomes de Carvalho Yammê Ramos Portella Santos Rita Suely Bacuri de Queiroz Paula Andrea Morelli Fonseca Celia Landmann Szwarcwald Pía Riggirozzi |
| author_sort | Maria do Carmo Leal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The last decade saw the emergence of a new significant migration corridor due to the mass migration of Venezuelans to neighboring countries in South America. Since 2018, Brazil became the third host country of Venezuelan displaced populations. Little is known about how migratory processes affect needs, access to social programs, and public health services of migrant women. The goal of this study is to shed light on the socio-economic profile, living conditions, and use of health services of Venezuelan migrant women in two main reception cities in Brazil. Methods A survey was conducted using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in the cities of Boa Vista (Roraima), and Manaus (Amazonas). The study included 2012 Venezuelan migrant women aged between 15 and 49 years old who migrated from Venezuela to Brazil between 2018 and 2021. Relative prevalence was calculated, and the χ2 test was used to analyse the homogeneity of proportions. All analyses considered the complex sampling. Results The main reasons for migrating relate to difficulties obtaining food (54%) and accessing health services (37.8%) in their country of origin. They were young and mixed race (65.7%) and had high school education (69.9%). In Manaus, 3.7% of the interviewees declared that they had no family income in the last month, while in Boa Vista, it was higher (66.2%) (p-value < 0.001). Almost one-third of them sought health care in the last 15 days, and 95% of them received care. The residents of Boa Vista arrived more recently and family income and access to paid work improved with time of residence in Brazil. Conclusions Given the increasing flow of Venezuelan migrants crossing to Brazil, a reception system was established for the provision of food, shelter, access to health services, and income transfer programs to migrants. This was the case despite high unemployment and poverty levels and income inequality, particularly in the city of Boa Vista. However, the majority had legal migrant status and had access to the public and universal healthcare system in Brazil (SUS). The use of the SUS was similar in both cities, acting as a buffer for the differences in opportunities offered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:10:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18637cf099ac439cb90b5a2c229b7760 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:10:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-18637cf099ac439cb90b5a2c229b77602024-04-21T11:32:44ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-04-0124111110.1186/s12889-024-18109-5Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021Maria do Carmo Leal0Thaiza Dutra Gomes de Carvalho1Yammê Ramos Portella Santos2Rita Suely Bacuri de Queiroz3Paula Andrea Morelli Fonseca4Celia Landmann Szwarcwald5Pía Riggirozzi6National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationNational School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationNational School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationLeônidas and Maria Deane Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz AmazôniaLeônidas and Maria Deane Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz AmazôniaInstitute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationDepartment of Politics and International Relations, University of SouthamptonAbstract Background The last decade saw the emergence of a new significant migration corridor due to the mass migration of Venezuelans to neighboring countries in South America. Since 2018, Brazil became the third host country of Venezuelan displaced populations. Little is known about how migratory processes affect needs, access to social programs, and public health services of migrant women. The goal of this study is to shed light on the socio-economic profile, living conditions, and use of health services of Venezuelan migrant women in two main reception cities in Brazil. Methods A survey was conducted using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in the cities of Boa Vista (Roraima), and Manaus (Amazonas). The study included 2012 Venezuelan migrant women aged between 15 and 49 years old who migrated from Venezuela to Brazil between 2018 and 2021. Relative prevalence was calculated, and the χ2 test was used to analyse the homogeneity of proportions. All analyses considered the complex sampling. Results The main reasons for migrating relate to difficulties obtaining food (54%) and accessing health services (37.8%) in their country of origin. They were young and mixed race (65.7%) and had high school education (69.9%). In Manaus, 3.7% of the interviewees declared that they had no family income in the last month, while in Boa Vista, it was higher (66.2%) (p-value < 0.001). Almost one-third of them sought health care in the last 15 days, and 95% of them received care. The residents of Boa Vista arrived more recently and family income and access to paid work improved with time of residence in Brazil. Conclusions Given the increasing flow of Venezuelan migrants crossing to Brazil, a reception system was established for the provision of food, shelter, access to health services, and income transfer programs to migrants. This was the case despite high unemployment and poverty levels and income inequality, particularly in the city of Boa Vista. However, the majority had legal migrant status and had access to the public and universal healthcare system in Brazil (SUS). The use of the SUS was similar in both cities, acting as a buffer for the differences in opportunities offered.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18109-5BrazilVenezuelaMigrantsSocial determinants of healthWomen’s health |
| spellingShingle | Maria do Carmo Leal Thaiza Dutra Gomes de Carvalho Yammê Ramos Portella Santos Rita Suely Bacuri de Queiroz Paula Andrea Morelli Fonseca Celia Landmann Szwarcwald Pía Riggirozzi Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021 BMC Public Health Brazil Venezuela Migrants Social determinants of health Women’s health |
| title | Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021 |
| title_full | Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021 |
| title_short | Migration process of Venezuelan women to Brazil: living conditions and use of health services in Manaus and Boa Vista, 2018–2021 |
| title_sort | migration process of venezuelan women to brazil living conditions and use of health services in manaus and boa vista 2018 2021 |
| topic | Brazil Venezuela Migrants Social determinants of health Women’s health |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18109-5 |
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