Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is among the molecules involved in the immune response. It acts as danger signal that promotes inflammation by activating both P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors expressed in immune cells, including microglia, and tumor cells. One of the most important receptors implicated...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.654023/full |
| _version_ | 1818700777246425088 |
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| author | Marta Lombardi Martina Gabrielli Elena Adinolfi Claudia Verderio |
| author_facet | Marta Lombardi Martina Gabrielli Elena Adinolfi Claudia Verderio |
| author_sort | Marta Lombardi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is among the molecules involved in the immune response. It acts as danger signal that promotes inflammation by activating both P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors expressed in immune cells, including microglia, and tumor cells. One of the most important receptors implicated in ATP-induced inflammation is P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). The stimulation of P2X7R by high concentration of ATP results in cell proliferation, inflammasome activation and shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane structures released by all cells, which contain a selection of donor cell components, including proteins, lipids, RNA and ATP itself, and are able to transfer these molecules to target cells. ATP stimulation not only promotes EV production from microglia but also influences EV composition and signaling to the environment. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the role of ATP in the biogenesis and dynamics of EVs, which exert important functions in physiology and pathophysiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:10:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1863a8b7ec084eb8b61d605d2de42a83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:10:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1863a8b7ec084eb8b61d605d2de42a832022-12-21T21:43:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122021-03-011210.3389/fphar.2021.654023654023Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and DynamicsMarta Lombardi0Martina Gabrielli1Elena Adinolfi2Claudia Verderio3CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Research Labs–University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, ItalyCNR Institute of Neuroscience, Research Labs–University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyCNR Institute of Neuroscience, Research Labs–University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, ItalyAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is among the molecules involved in the immune response. It acts as danger signal that promotes inflammation by activating both P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors expressed in immune cells, including microglia, and tumor cells. One of the most important receptors implicated in ATP-induced inflammation is P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). The stimulation of P2X7R by high concentration of ATP results in cell proliferation, inflammasome activation and shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane structures released by all cells, which contain a selection of donor cell components, including proteins, lipids, RNA and ATP itself, and are able to transfer these molecules to target cells. ATP stimulation not only promotes EV production from microglia but also influences EV composition and signaling to the environment. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the role of ATP in the biogenesis and dynamics of EVs, which exert important functions in physiology and pathophysiology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.654023/fullATPextracellular vesiclesimmune cellstumor cellsP2X7 receptorextracellular vesicle biogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Marta Lombardi Martina Gabrielli Elena Adinolfi Claudia Verderio Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics Frontiers in Pharmacology ATP extracellular vesicles immune cells tumor cells P2X7 receptor extracellular vesicle biogenesis |
| title | Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics |
| title_full | Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics |
| title_fullStr | Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics |
| title_short | Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics |
| title_sort | role of atp in extracellular vesicle biogenesis and dynamics |
| topic | ATP extracellular vesicles immune cells tumor cells P2X7 receptor extracellular vesicle biogenesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.654023/full |
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